Most Common Chinese Chengyu Idioms: Free PDF + Quiz

Chengyu aren’t just ancient relics from dusty scrolls-they’re the four-character powerhouses that pepper everyday Chinese conversations, news headlines, and even your favorite dramas. If you’ve ever heard someone drop a phrase like 画蛇添足 (drawing legs on a snake) and wondered why, this list is your shortcut to sounding more like a native speaker and less like a walking textbook.

We’ve rounded up around 250 of the most common chengyu you’ll actually meet-not the ultra-rare ones from a poetry anthology. Each idiom comes with a straightforward meaning and a natural example sentence, so you can see exactly how it behaves in real life. Think of it as your cheat sheet for decoding the stories and imagery that make Chinese so vivid.

When you’re ready to take your study offline, just tap the free PDF download button below the table. No hoops, no fees-just the words you need, whenever you need them.

If this topic helped, explore more in our Chinese learning section. it’s the easiest way to keep building related vocabulary without jumping around the web.

Quick Quiz

Think you can match a chengyu to its real meaning without peeking? Give the quick quiz below a go-no pressure, just a friendly nudge toward the ones that need a second look.

Browse the Full List

ChengyuPinyinLiteral MeaningMeaningExample
岸然道貌àn rán dào mào指严肃的神态。指严肃的神态。中国士人,又有一种~,根器特异,别树一帜,以号于众者。
岸谷之变àn gǔ zhī bìan比喻政治上的重大变化。比喻政治上的重大变化。属当岸谷之变,门户衰微,无能光其大业。
按兵不举àn bīng bù jǔ犹按兵不动。犹按兵不动。侯虎曰‘西伯侯姬昌好生可恶!今~,坐观成败。’
按兵不动àn bīng bù dòngbb又听得寨前炮响,史文恭~,只要等他入来,塌了陷坑,山后伏兵齐起,接应捉人。
按兵束甲àn bīng shù jiǎ按兵军队停止行进。甲铠甲,泛指武器装备。止兵不前,捆起铠甲。指解除武装,停战言降。按兵军队停止行进。甲铠甲,泛指武器装备。止兵不前,捆起铠甲。指解除武装,停战言降。
按名责实àn míng zé shí按照事物名称,要求与实相符。按照事物名称,要求与实相符。及~,台有评,省有核。
按图索骏àn tú suǒ jùn指按照画像去寻求好马。比喻墨守成规办事;也比喻按照线索去寻求。参见按图索骥”。指按照画像去寻求好马。比喻墨守成规办事;也比喻按照线索去寻求。参见按图索骥”。虽部胥掌阙簿者,亦不过~。
按图索骥àn tú suǒ jìll每见一班~者,多失于骊黄牝牡。
按堵如故àn dǔ rú gù形容秩序良好,百姓和原来一样安居乐业。形容秩序良好,百姓和原来一样安居乐业。凡军民约三日入籴官米一斗,入昏钞二贯,民皆便之。由是~,而贼亦不敢犯其境。
按捺不住àn nà bù zhù按捺压抑,忍耐。心里急燥,克制不住。按捺压抑,忍耐。心里急燥,克制不住。他一听这话,一股无名火直往上窜,无论如何也~。
按步就班àn bù jiù bān指按照条理或遵循一定的程序。参见按部就班”。指按照条理或遵循一定的程序。参见按部就班”。学校却,没有这弊病。
按甲休兵àn jiǎ xiū bīng收拾起铠甲武器。比喻停止军事行动。收拾起铠甲武器。比喻停止军事行动。将军可~,退一箭之地。
按甲寝兵àn jiǎ qǐn bīng收拾起铠甲武器。比喻停止军事行动。收拾起铠甲武器。比喻停止军事行动。
按行自抑àn xíng zì yì按克制。约束自己的行为。按克制。约束自己的行为。
按辔徐行àn pèi xú xíng辔马缰绳。轻轻按着缰绳,让马慢慢地走。辔马缰绳。轻轻按着缰绳,让马慢慢地走。
按部就班àn bù jiù bānww但黄公俊的祖父,他开始读了书,象一般读书人似的,他~的要将八股型的才学,货与帝王家”。
挨三顶五āi sān dǐng wǔ形容人多,连接不断。形容人多,连接不断。但见红尘滚滚,车马纷纷,许多商贩客人驮着货物,~的进店安歇。
挨冻受饿ái dòng shòu è指无衣无食的穷困境况。指无衣无食的穷困境况。
挨家挨户āi ji āi hù每家每户,户户不漏。挨,依次,顺次。每家每户,户户不漏。挨,依次,顺次。
挨山塞海āi shān sè hǎi形容人极多而拥挤不堪。形容人极多而拥挤不堪。
挨肩叠背āi jiān dié bèi形容人群拥挤。形容人群拥挤。
挨肩并足āi jiān bìng zú形容人群拥挤。形容人群拥挤。
挨肩搭背āi jiān dā bèi挨肩肩和肩相靠。搭背手搭在别人背上。形容极其亲昵的样子。挨肩肩和肩相靠。搭背手搭在别人背上。形容极其亲昵的样子。看她俩挨肩搭背的样子,就知道是一对好朋友。
挨肩擦背āi jiān cā bèi肩挨肩,背擦背。形容人多拥挤。肩挨肩,背擦背。形容人多拥挤。引惹得那楼下看灯的人,~,仰望上瞧。
挨肩擦脸āi jiān cā liǎn挨靠近。擦,接触。形容狎昵之状。挨靠近。擦,接触。形容狎昵之状。

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