Illustration for How To Describe Graphs And Charts In Spanish (Describir Gráficos)

How To Describe Graphs And Charts In Spanish (Describir Gráficos)

If you ever have to present data in Spanish, you don’t want to stand in front of a gráfico /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko/ — graph, chart — and mumble “eh… aquí sube… y luego baja…”.

This guide gives you the key words, sentence patterns, and comparison phrases you need to describe gráficos y tablas /ˈɡɾa.fi.kos i ˈta.βlas/ — graphs and tables — in clear, simple Spanish.

By the end, you’ll be able to:

  • Name the main types of charts
  • Talk about axes, numbers, and percentages
  • Describe increases, decreases, and trends
  • Compare categories and give a short spoken summary of a graph

All with beginner–low-intermediate friendly Spanish you can reuse in class, at work, or in exams.

Quick Primer

Some core words:

  • gráfico /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko/ — graph, chart
  • gráfica /ˈɡɾa.fi.ka/ — graph, chart (also common; often interchangeable with gráfico)
  • tabla /ˈta.βla/ — table
  • eje /ˈe.xe/ — axis
  • tendencia /tenˈden.sja/ — trend

Basic pattern for describing a graph:

El gráfico muestra… /el ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ˈmwes.tɾa/ — The graph shows…
La tabla muestra… /la ˈta.βla ˈmwes.tɾa/ — The table shows…

You’ll reuse that opening line constantly.

Types Of Graphs And Charts In Spanish

Here are the most common chart types you’ll meet.

Spanish | IPA | English
gráfico de barras | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe ˈba.ras/ | bar chart
gráfico de líneas | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe ˈli.ne.as/ | line graph
gráfico circular | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko siɾ.kuˈlaɾ/ | pie chart (general)
gráfico de pastel | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe pasˈtel/ | pie chart (lit. “cake chart”)
diagrama de sectores | /ðjaˈɡɾa.ma ðe sekˈtoɾes/ | pie chart (technical)
tabla de datos | /ˈta.βla ðe ˈða.tos/ | data table
histograma | /is.toˈɡɾa.ma/ | histogram
diagrama de dispersión | /ðjaˈɡɾa.ma ðe ðis.peɾˈsjon/ | scatter plot

Useful starter phrases:

  • El gráfico de barras muestra… — The bar chart shows…
  • En el gráfico de líneas vemos… — In the line graph we see…
  • La tabla de datos presenta… — The data table presents…

Talking About Axes, Numbers, And Percentages

To describe a graph, you need the vocabulary of axes, values, and percentages.

Axes And Labels

Spanish | IPA | English
eje horizontal | /ˈe.xe o.ɾi.sonˈtal/ | horizontal axis (x-axis)
eje vertical | /ˈe.xe βeɾ.tiˈkal/ | vertical axis (y-axis)
eje X | /ˈe.xe ˈekis/ | x-axis
eje Y | /ˈe.xe ˈi.ɣɾje, ˈʝe/ | y-axis (both “i griega” and “ye” are used)
etiqueta | /etiˈke.ta/ | label
categoría | /kateɣoˈɾi.a/ | category
valor | /βaˈloɾ/ | value

Example sentence:

En el eje horizontal tenemos los años y en el eje vertical, el número de estudiantes.
/en el ˈe.xe o.ɾi.sonˈtal teˈne.mos los ˈa.ɲos i en el ˈe.xe βeɾ.tiˈkal el ˈnu.me.ɾo ðe estuðjanˈtes/
On the horizontal axis we have the years, and on the vertical axis, the number of students.

Numbers And Percentages

Spanish | IPA | English
porcentaje | /poɾ.senˈta.xe/ | percentage
por ciento | /poɾ ˈsjɛn.to/ | percent
total | /toˈtal/ | total
promedio | /pɾoˈme.ðjo/ | average
cantidad | /kan.tiˈðað/ | quantity

Examples:

El 40 por ciento de los alumnos…
/el ˈkwa.ɾen.ta poɾ ˈsjɛn.to ðe los aˈlum.nos/
40 percent of the students…

El promedio es de 15 puntos.
/el pɾoˈme.ðjo es ðe ˈkin.se ˈpun.tos/
The average is 15 points.

Describing Trends And Changes

Now for the heart of graph-speak: saying that something goes up, goes down, or stays the same.

Key Verbs For Changes

Spanish | IPA | English
subir | /suˈβiɾ/ | to go up
bajar | /baˈxaɾ/ | to go down
aumentar | /aw.menˈtaɾ/ | to increase
disminuir | /ðiz.mi.nuˈiɾ/ | to decrease
crecer | /kɾeˈseɾ/ | to grow
dispararse | /dis.paˈɾaɾ.se/ | to shoot up / spike
mantenerse estable | /man.teˈneɾ.se esˈta.βle/ | to remain stable
alcanzar un máximo | /al.kanˈsaɾ un ˈmak.si.mo/ | to reach a maximum
alcanzar un mínimo | /al.kanˈsaɾ un ˈmi.ni.mo/ | to reach a minimum

Sentence patterns:

  • X sube / baja. — X goes up / down.
  • X aumenta de 10 a 20. — X increases from 10 to 20.
  • X se mantiene estable. — X stays stable.

Examples:

El número de usuarios aumenta de 10 a 20 entre 2018 y 2020.
/el ˈnu.me.ɾo ðe usu.aˈɾjos aw.menˈta ðe ˈdjes a ˈβein.te ˈen.tɾe ˈdo.smil ðjəˈtʃo i ˈdo.smil ˈβein.te/
The number of users increases from 10 to 20 between 2018 and 2020.

Las ventas se mantienen estables durante todo el año.
/las ˈβen.tas se man.teˈneŋ esˈta.βles ðuˈɾan.te ˈto.ðo el ˈa.ɲo/
Sales remain stable throughout the year.

Adverbs For Speed And Degree

Spanish | IPA | English
rápidamente | /ˈra.pi.ðaˈmen.te/ | quickly
lentamente | /len.taˈmen.te/ | slowly
ligeramente | /li.xe.ɾaˈmen.te/ | slightly
dramáticamente | /ðɾa.ma.ti.kaˈmen.te/ | dramatically
un poco | /un ˈpo.ko/ | a little
mucho | /ˈmu.tʃo/ | a lot

Example:

Los precios suben lentamente al principio y luego aumentan rápidamente.
/los ˈpɾe.sjos ˈsu.βen len.taˈmen.te al pɾinˈsi.pjo i ˈlwe.ɣo aw.menˈtan ˈra.pi.ðaˈmen.te/
Prices go up slowly at first and then increase quickly.

Comparing Categories In A Graph

Graphs love comparisons: more than, less than, almost the same.

Useful Comparison Phrases

Spanish | IPA | English
más que | /mas ke/ | more than
menos que | /ˈme.nos ke/ | less than
el más alto | /el mas ˈal.to/ | the highest
el más bajo | /el mas ˈba.xo/ | the lowest
casi igual | /ˈka.si iˈɣwal/ | almost the same
el doble de | /el ˈdo.βle ðe/ | double
la mitad de | /la miˈtað ðe/ | half of

Examples:

En 2020, el grupo A tiene más ventas que el grupo B.
/en ˈdo.smil ˈβein.te el ˈɡɾu.po ˈa tje.ne mas ˈβen.tas ke el ˈɡɾu.po ˈbe/
In 2020, group A has more sales than group B.

El producto C vende casi igual que el producto D.
/el pɾoˈduk.to ˈθe, ˈse ˈben.de ˈka.si iˈɣwal ke el pɾoˈduk.to ˈde/
Product C sells almost the same as product D.

El grupo A tiene el doble de usuarios que el grupo B.
/el ˈɡɾu.po ˈa ˈtje.ne el ˈdo.βle ðe usu.aˈɾjos ke el ˈɡɾu.po ˈbe/
Group A has double the users of group B.

Describing A Graph Step By Step

Here’s a simple model for describing a graph in Spanish. Imagine a line graph showing the number of students in a Spanish course from 2018 to 2022.

  1. Say what the graph shows.
    El gráfico de líneas muestra el número de estudiantes entre 2018 y 2022.
    /el ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe ˈli.ne.as ˈmwes.tɾa el ˈnu.me.ɾo ðe estuðjanˈtes ˈen.tɾe ˈdo.smil ðjəˈtʃo i ˈdo.smil beinteˈdos/
    The line graph shows the number of students between 2018 and 2022.
  2. Describe the general trend.
    En general, el número de estudiantes aumenta a lo largo del periodo.
    /en xeneˈɾal el ˈnu.me.ɾo ðe estuðjanˈtes aw.menˈta a lo ˈlaɾ.ɣo ðel peˈɾjo.ðo/
    In general, the number of students increases over the period.
  3. Mention one or two key points.
    En 2018 hay 10 estudiantes y en 2022 hay 30. El número se triplica.
    /en ˈdo.smil ðjəˈtʃo aj ˈdjes estuðjanˈtes i en ˈdo.smil beinteˈdos aj ˈtɾen.ta el ˈnu.me.ɾo se tɾiˈpli.ka/
    In 2018 there are 10 students and in 2022 there are 30. The number triples.
  4. Add a detail about speed or stability.
    El aumento es más rápido entre 2020 y 2021.
    /el aw.menˈto es mas ˈɾa.pi.ðo ˈen.tɾe ˈdo.smil ˈβein.te i ˈdo.smil ˈβein.te u.no/
    The increase is faster between 2020 and 2021.

You can reuse this four-step structure for almost any graph:

  1. what it shows, 2) overall trend, 3) key numbers, 4) speed or comparison.

Usage Notes And Common Mistakes

  • Many learners forget articles:
    Say el gráfico, la tabla, el porcentaje, not just gráfico muestra…
  • Watch out for false friends:
    actualmente /aktualˈmen.te/ means “currently”, not “actually”.
  • Don’t mix por ciento and porcentaje:
    • El 20 por ciento de… — 20 percent of…
    • El porcentaje de estudiantes… — The percentage of students…
  • Keep verbs in third person singular or plural when talking about data:
    • Los valores aumentan, el número baja, las ventas se mantienen.

Region Notes

  • Gráfico vs gráfica: both are widely used for “graph/chart”. In many places, gráfico is more common in formal writing, gráfica in everyday speech.
  • Decimal comma vs decimal point: in much of the Spanish-speaking world, decimals use a comma: 3,5 %tres coma cinco por ciento.
  • The basic verbs and patterns (subir, bajar, aumentar, disminuir, mantenerse estable) are understood across regions, so they’re safe choices.

Mini Dialogues

Dialogue 1: In Class, Talking About A Chart

¿Qué muestra el gráfico de barras?
/ke ˈmwes.tɾa el ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe ˈba.ras/
What does the bar chart show?

Muestra el número de estudiantes en cada curso.
/ˈmwes.tɾa el ˈnu.me.ɾo ðe estuðjanˈtes en ˈka.ða ˈkuɾ.so/
It shows the number of students in each course.

En general, el curso B tiene más alumnos que el curso A.
/en xeneˈɾal el ˈkuɾ.so ˈbe ˈtje.ne mas aˈlum.nos ke el ˈkuɾ.so ˈa/
In general, course B has more students than course A.

Dialogue 2: Describing A Trend

¿Cómo evoluciona la línea azul?
/ˈko.mo eβo.luˈsjo.na la ˈli.ne.a aˈsul/
How does the blue line change?

Primero se mantiene estable y luego sube rápidamente después de 2020.
/pɾiˈme.ɾo se man.teˈne esˈta.βle i ˈlwe.ɣo ˈsu.βe ˈɾa.pi.ðaˈmen.te ðesˈpwes ðe ˈdo.smil ˈβein.te/
First it stays stable and then it rises quickly after 2020.

Dialogue 3: Comparing Two Categories

¿Qué pasa con el producto C en comparación con el producto D?
/ke ˈpa.sa kon el pɾoˈduk.to ˈse en kom.paɾaˈsjon kon el pɾoˈduk.to ˈde/
What happens with product C compared to product D?

El producto C tiene casi el doble de ventas que el producto D en 2022.
/el pɾoˈduk.to ˈse ˈtje.ne ˈka.si el ˈdo.βle ðe ˈβen.tas ke el pɾoˈduk.to ˈde en ˈdo.smil beinteˈdos/
Product C has almost double the sales of product D in 2022.

Quick Reference

Spanish | IPA | English
gráfico de barras | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe ˈba.ras/ | bar chart
gráfico de líneas | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko ðe ˈli.ne.as/ | line graph
gráfico circular | /ˈɡɾa.fi.ko siɾ.kuˈlaɾ/ | pie chart
tabla de datos | /ˈta.βla ðe ˈða.tos/ | data table
eje horizontal | /ˈe.xe o.ɾi.sonˈtal/ | horizontal axis
eje vertical | /ˈe.xe βeɾ.tiˈkal/ | vertical axis
porcentaje | /poɾ.senˈta.xe/ | percentage
tendencia | /tenˈden.sja/ | trend
subir | /suˈβiɾ/ | to go up
bajar | /baˈxaɾ/ | to go down
aumentar | /aw.menˈtaɾ/ | to increase
disminuir | /ðiz.mi.nuˈiɾ/ | to decrease
mantenerse estable | /man.teˈneɾ.se esˈta.βle/ | to remain stable
alcanzar un máximo | /al.kanˈsaɾ un ˈmak.si.mo/ | to reach a maximum
más que | /mas ke/ | more than
menos que | /ˈme.nos ke/ | less than
casi igual | /ˈka.si iˈɣwal/ | almost the same

Five-Minute Practice Plan

  1. Template speaking:
    Take any graph (even from a textbook) and say out loud in Spanish: El gráfico muestra… En general… En 2018… En 2022… using the four-step model in this article.
  2. Verb drill:
    Make five short sentences using: subir, bajar, aumentar, disminuir, mantenerse estable. Example: Las ventas bajan en julio.
  3. Comparison practice:
    Write three sentences comparing categories: más que, menos que, casi igual, el doble de, la mitad de.
  4. Axis description:
    Practice this pattern with your own data:
    En el eje horizontal tenemos…, y en el eje vertical, … (years, months, products, etc.).
  5. Mini-dialogue shadowing:
    Read Dialogue 2 out loud three times, then close your eyes and try to repeat the key line: Primero se mantiene estable y luego sube rápidamente…
  6. One-take summary:
    Look at a graph for 30 seconds, then record a 20-second Spanish audio summarizing it using at least two trend verbs and one comparison phrase.

Yak-Style Closing Spark

Once you can describe gráficos in Spanish, you unlock a very grown-up superpower: you’re not just memorizing verbs anymore, you’re explaining real-world data. Whether it’s exam results, TikTok views, or coffee sales, you’ll be able to point at a chart and talk about it calmly in Spanish instead of panicking at the sight of the y-axis.

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