Contemporary Chinese Book 4 Vocabulary And Grammar List

Welcome to Contemporary Chinese Book 4（當代中文課程第四冊 Dāngdài Zhōngwén Kèchéng dì sì cè）—where your Mandarin starts sounding less like “student sentences” and more like something you’d actually hear around 臺灣 Táiwān. Topics get broader, vocabulary gets richer, and grammar gets sneakier (but in a “now you can express real thoughts” kind of way).

This page is your clean support station. While you’re working through Books 1–5, we provide two tidy lists—Book 4 vocabulary and Book 4 grammar points—so you can review quickly, drill patterns, and practice without flipping through the textbook every five minutes. The textbook teaches; this page helps you practice and remember. You know, the part that actually makes you better.

Want the official overview of the series (levels, editions, all the official stuff)? Here: A Course in Contemporary Chinese (Official Page). Need the official place to buy the books? Here’s the MTC shop: MTC Online Store.

Need the full roadmap? Back to the hub: Learn Traditional Chinese. Jump between books in this series: Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, Book 5. Studying for TOCFL too? Here are extra vocab reps: TOCFL Novice 1, TOCFL Novice 2, Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, Level 5.

Go To Book 5

Back To Learn Traditional Chinese

Book 4 Vocabulary List

This section is where the Contemporary Chinese Book 4 vocabulary table goes. Add your big table here, then use it for fast review, flashcards, and targeted practice.

English	Traditional	Pinyin	Lesson
after school, when school lets out	放學	fàng xué	1
afterwards (formal)	後	hòu	1
Ajian, male	阿建	ā jiàn	1
to be at ease	自在	zì zài	1
awesome	厲害	lì hài	1
to be bold	大膽	dà dǎn	1
business manager	業務經理	yè wù jīng lǐ	1
but (formal)	但	dàn	1
to change	轉換	zhuǎn huàn	1
chatroom	聊天室	liáo tiān shì	1
to cheer on/up	打氣	dǎ qì	1
cinema	電影院	diàn yǐng yuàn	1
to click (on)	點	diǎn	1
computer	電腦	diàn nǎo	1
courage	膽子	dǎn zi	1
to be courageous	大膽	dà dǎn	1
to cry	哭	kū	1
currently	目前	mù qián	1
department	部門	bù mén	1
deserted	冷清	lěng qīng	1
emotions	感情	gǎn qíng	1
empty	冷清	lěng qīng	1
to be enrolled as a student	就讀	jiù dú	1
even if	即使	jí shǐ	1
even though	即便	jí biàn	1
feelings	感情	gǎn qíng	1
to gasp	喘氣	chuǎn qì	1
generally	往往	wǎng wǎng	1
good	厲害	lì hài	1
guts	膽子	dǎn zi	1
to hide oneself in	躲進	duǒ jìn	1
to get hooked on	上癮	shàng yǐn	1
horror movie	恐怖片	kǒng bù piàn	1
however (formal)	但	dàn	1
impressive	厲害	lì hài	1
in (one’s) mind	心裡	xīn lǐ	1
interior design	室內設計	shì nèi shè jì	1
to keep somebody company	陪伴	péi bàn	1
kind	類	lèi	1
to leave home early and get home late	早出晚歸	zǎo chū wǎn guī	1
love story	愛情片	ài qíng piàn	1
measure word for movies	部	bù	1
measure word for schools	所	suǒ	1
mental	心理	xīn lǐ	1
movie theater	電影院	diàn yǐng yuàn	1
not so, not to that degree	不至於	bù zhì yú	1
(office) workers	上班族	shàng bān zú	1
oftentimes	往往	wǎng wǎng	1
online	線上	xiàn shàng	1
online friends	網友	wǎng yǒu	1
to pant	喘氣	chuǎn qì	1
to power on	打開	dǎ kāi	1
psychological	心理	xīn lǐ	1
rather than…	與其	yǔ qí	1
real	現實	xiàn shí	1
really	簡直	jiǎn zhí	1
to be relaxed	自在	zì zài	1
to relieve	舒解	shū jiě	1
to reproach, get on somebody’s case	責備	zé bèi	1
restricted (viewing for movies)	限制級	xiàn zhì jí	1
romance movie	愛情片	ài qíng piàn	1
to be scared	嚇	xià	1
simply	簡直	jiǎn zhí	1
to take care	解決	jiě jué	1
to transform	轉換	zhuǎn huàn	1
to turn on	打開	dǎ kāi	1
type	類	lèi	1
uh	呃	ē	1
to be under great pressure	喘不過氣	chuǎn bù guò qì	1
virtual	虛擬	xū nǐ	1
warm	溫暖	wēn nuǎn	1
when (formal)	時	shí	1
to work (honorific)	高就	gāo jiù	1
Xiaoling (female)	小玲	xiǎo líng	1
abundant	豐盛	fēng shèng	2
acting skills	演技	yǎn jì	2
attentively	仔細	zǐ xì	2
attire	穿著	chuān zhuó	2
to avoid	免得	miǎn dé	2
award	獎	jiǎng	2
awful	糟	zāo	2
to block	擋	dǎng	2
to blow one’s nose	擤鼻涕	xǐng bí tì	2
bring up	提	tí	2
by all means	千萬	qiān wàn	2
carefully	仔細	zǐ xì	2
class, cultural standard	水準	shuǐ zhǔn	2
classical	古典	gǔ diǎn	2
to close	關	guān	2
to be close to somebody	親	qīn	2
Cloud Gate Dance Theatre	雲門舞集	yún mén wǔ jí	2
concert hall	音樂廳	yīn yuè tīng	2
to cough	咳嗽	ké sòu	2
courtesy	禮貌	lǐ mào	2
dance	舞蹈	wǔ dǎo	2
the desire on one’s palate	口腹之慾	kǒu fù zhī yù	2
director (movies)	導演	dǎo yǎn	2
(act) of drawing	繪畫	huì huà	2
ear	耳朵	ěr duǒ	2
to be embarrassed	丟臉	diū liǎn	2
to enter	進入	jìn rù	2
etc., and so forth	等	děng	2
everywhere	處處	chù chù	2
to express; expression	表現	biǎo xiàn	2
eyes	眼睛	yǎn jīng	2
to be familiar with somebody	熟	shú	2
feast	饗宴	xiǎng yàn	2
to fill one’s belly	填飽	tián bǎo	2
to get	得	dé	2
to get to know each other better	聯絡感情	lián luò gǎn qíng	2
Golden Horse Film Festival	金馬影展	jīn mǎ yǐng zhǎn	2
group	團體	tuán tǐ	2
to hush	噓	xū	2
installation art	裝置藝術	zhuāng zhì yì shù	2
intermission, halftime	中場	zhōng chǎng	2
to know how to	懂得	dǒng dé	2
known to all	無人不知	wú rén bù zhī	2
lest	免得	miǎn dé	2
Li Yunzhen, female	李雲真	lǐ yún zhēn	2
literature	文學	wén xué	2
to lose face	丟臉	diū liǎn	2
to manifest; manifestation	表現	biǎo xiàn	2
manual	手冊	shǒu cè	2
measure word for performances	場	chǎng	2
to mention	提	tí	2
to miss out	看不成	kàn bù chéng	2
modern dance	現代舞	xiàn dài wǔ	2
movie stars	明星	míng xīng	2
music hall	音樂廳	yīn yuè tīng	2
National Concert Hall	國家音樂廳	guó jiā yīn yuè tīng	2
National Theater	國家戲劇院	guó jiā xì jù yuàn	2
neat	整齊	zhěng qí	2
to obtain	得	dé	2
of (classical Chinese)	之	zhī	2
oh no	哇	wā	2
old street	老街	lǎo jiē	2
to be on time	準時	zhǔn shí	2
or	或	huò	2
or (formal)	或	huò	2
to paint; painting	畫	huà	2
painter	畫家	huà jiā	2
(act of) painting	繪畫	huì huà	2
to pay attention to	留意	liú yì	2
performance; to perform	表演	biǎo yǎn	2
performer	演出者	yǎn chū zhě	2
piano	鋼琴	gāng qín	2
plaza	廣場	guǎng chǎng	2
plot	劇情	jù qíng	2
popular (of an actress or singer)	紅	hóng	2
programme	手冊	shǒu cè	2
to be punctual	準時	zhǔn shí	2
to put on makeup	打扮	dǎ bàn	2
to receive	得	dé	2
to remind	提醒	tí xǐng	2
to respect	尊重	zūn zhòng	2
restroom	洗手間	xǐ shǒu jiān	2
sandals	涼鞋	liáng xié	2
to satisfy	滿足	mǎn zú	2
seeing it once is better than hearing about it a hundred times	百聞不如一見	bǎi wén bù rú yī jiàn	2
Shh	噓	xū	2
shorts	短褲	duǎn kù	2
to shut off	關	guān	2
so as not to	免得	miǎn dé	2
socialization	社交	shè jiāo	2
to sound	響	xiǎng	2
story, storyline	劇情	jù qíng	2
street art	街頭藝術	jiē tóu yì shù	2
to stress	強調	qiáng diào	2
sumptuous	豐盛	fēng shèng	2
to take note of	留意	liú yì	2
temple	寺廟	sì miào	2
a verbal marker (after a verb)	所	suǒ	2
violin	小提琴	xiǎo tí qín	2
yikes	哇	wā	2
to access	取得	qǔ dé	3
to get accustomed to	慣	guàn	3
and (formal)	與	yǔ	3
to be anxious	焦慮不安	jiāo lǜ bù ān	3
any	任何	rèn hé	3
to avoid	避開	bì kāi	3
before	從前	cóng qián	3
before (formal)	前	qián	3
body (shape)	身材	shēn cái	3
to browse (the internet)	瀏覽	liú lǎn	3
build	身材	shēn cái	3
busy	忙碌	máng lù	3
to certify; certification	認證	rèn zhèng	3
to check	查詢	chá xún	3
cloud technology	雲端科技	yún duān kē jì	3
to control	控制	kòng zhì	3
cost effective	划算	huá suàn	3
counterfeit product	仿冒品	fǎng mào pǐn	3
cousin (younger male cousin from one’s mother’s side as well as from one’s father’s sisters)	表弟	biǎo dì	3
credit card	信用卡	xìn yòng kǎ	3
defect	瑕疵	xiá cī	3
difference	落差	luò chā	3
distance	距離	jù lí	3
distance learning	遠距教學	yuǎn jù jiào xué	3
doubt	疑問	yí wèn	3
even more	更加	gèng jiā	3
example	例子	lì zi	3
to exchange for something else	退換	tuì huàn	3
eyesight	視力	shì lì	3
to fall behind	退步	tuì bù	3
figure	身材	shēn cái	3
for example	例如	lì rú	3
formerly	從前	cóng qián	3
freeway	高速公路	gāo sù gōng lù	3
generally, as a rule	通常	tōng cháng	3
a good deal	划算	huá suàn	3
grandma	外婆	wài pó	3
to hack, use illegitimately	盜用	dào yòng	3
hacker	駭客	hài kè	3
highway	高速公路	gāo sù gōng lù	3
humans	人類	rén lèi	3
if	若	ruò	3
imperceptibly	無形中	wú xíng zhōng	3
in addition	此外	cǐ wài	3
in conclusion, to sum up, in short	總而言之	zǒng ér yán zhī	3
indeed	確實	què shí	3
to indicate	指	zhǐ	3
information	資訊	zī xùn	3
internet technology	雲端科技	yún duān kē jì	3
to kick up a row, make a scene	大吵大鬧	dà chǎo dà nào	3
knock-off	仿冒品	fǎng mào pǐn	3
late at night	深夜	shēn yè	3
letter	信	xìn	3
Li Wenli, female	李文麗	lǐ wén lì	3
to look up	查詢	chá xún	3
mail	信	xìn	3
to make payment	付款	fù kuǎn	3
mankind	人類	rén lèi	3
to mean	指	zhǐ	3
medical records	病歷	bìng lì	3
model	模特兒	mó tè ér	3
monitor	螢幕	yíng mù	3
negative	負面	fù miàn	3
not accustomed to using	用不慣	yòng bù guàn	3
not comfortable with	用不慣	yòng bù guàn	3
not necessarily	不見得	bù jiàn dé	3
not used to using	用不慣	yòng bù guàn	3
to be obsessed with	沉迷	chén mí	3
to obtain	取得	qǔ dé	3
to offer	提供	tí gōng	3
online economy	宅經濟	zhái jīng jì	3
originally	原本	yuán běn	3
outdoor	戶外	hù wài	3
overly, excessively	過度	guò dù	3
parent	家長	jiā zhǎng	3
in the past	從前	cóng qián	3
people in general	人們	rén men	3
physical health	生理	shēng lǐ	3
to pick up goods	取貨	qǔ huò	3
picture	圖片	tú piàn	3
positive	正面	zhèng miàn	3
the public, people in general	民眾	mín zhòng	3
question	疑問	yí wèn	3
to regress, get worse	退步	tuì bù	3
to regret, feel sorrowful about	後悔	hòu huǐ	3
to replace	取代	qǔ dài	3
to return	退還	tuì huán	3
road situation	路況	lù kuàng	3
at the same time	同時	tóng shí	3
screen	螢幕	yíng mù	3
section of road	路段	lù duàn	3
senior citizens	銀髮族	yín fà zú	3
sentence particle	嘛	ma	3
to shorten	縮短	suō duǎn	3
to stare	盯	dīng	3
supposing	若	ruò	3
to surf (the internet)	瀏覽	liú lǎn	3
tired, fatigued	疲倦	pí juàn	3
traffic situation	路況	lù kuàng	3
(TV) series	影集	yǐng jí	3
to use, employ	運用	yùn yòng	3
to get used to	慣	guàn	3
vision	視力	shì lì	3
Why bother?	何必	hé bì	3
women’s apparel	女裝	nǚ zhuāng	3
A.D.	西元	xī yuán	4
accidentally	偶然	ǒu rán	4
to add up, totalize	加起來	jiā qǐ lái	4
alone	光	guāng	4
ancient (formal)	古	gǔ	4
angle, perspective	角度	jiǎo dù	4
animal	動物	dòng wù	4
appearance	外貌	wài mào	4
to attract treasure	招財	zhāo cái	4
basin	盆子	pén zi	4
a branch of learning	學問	xué wèn	4
to build	建造	jiàn zào	4
to bully, take advantage of	欺負	qī fù	4
canopy, awning	遮雨棚	zhē yǔ péng	4
to care about	在意	zài yì	4
chancy	偶然	ǒu rán	4
Churchill	邱吉爾	qiū jí ěr	4
closet	衣櫃	yī guì	4
coins	錢幣	qián bì	4
convenience	便利性	biàn lì xìng	4
corner	角	jiǎo	4
cranky, irritable	暴躁	bào zào	4
currency	錢幣	qián bì	4
daily	日常	rì cháng	4
décor	擺飾	bǎi shì	4
décor, layout, arrangement; to decorate, to arrange furniture	布置	bù zhì	4
design; to design	設計	shè jì	4
destiny	命運	mìng yùn	4
directly facing the door	正對門	zhèng duì mén	4
dragon	龍	lóng	4
dressing table	梳妝台	shū zhuāng tái	4
exterior	外貌	wài mào	4
fate	命運	mìng yùn	4
Feng Shui	風水	fēng shuǐ	4
Feng Shui master, geomancer	風水師	fēng shuǐ shī	4
fierce, ferocious	兇猛	xiōng měng	4
finally	總算	zǒng suàn	4
foot of the bed	床腳	chuáng jiǎo	4
for example	舉如說	jǔ rú shuō	4
geography	地理	dì lǐ	4
Guo Pu	郭璞	guō pú	4
hey, calling attention	欸	ěi	4
impulsive	衝動	chōng dòng	4
in one breath	一口氣	yī kǒu qì	4
in somebody’s heart	心中	xīn zhōng	4
itself	本身	běn shēn	4
Jin Dynasty	晉代	jìn dài	4
knife	刀	dāo	4
landmark	地標	dì biāo	4
to live, reside	居住	jū zhù	4
measure word for objects (handle, umbrella, knife)	把	bǎ	4
merely	光	guāng	4
mirror	鏡子	jìng zi	4
money-biting turtle	咬錢龜	yǎo qián guī	4
oneself	本身	běn shēn	4
ornaments	擺飾	bǎi shì	4
ought to	該	gāi	4
to overturn	推翻	tuī fān	4
particle indicating uncertainty	呀	ya	4
perfect, pinnacle of perfection	十全十美	shí quán shí měi	4
to pick on	欺負	qī fù	4
to place, display	擺	bǎi	4
position, location	位置	wèi zhì	4
random	偶然	ǒu rán	4
rash	衝動	chōng dòng	4
to make reference to	參考	cān kǎo	4
to repudiate	推翻	tuī fān	4
residence	住宅	zhù zhái	4
roof	屋頂	wū dǐng	4
ruyi, scepter	如意	rú yì	4
science	科學	kē xué	4
to shape	塑造	sù zào	4
should	該	gāi	4
side door	側門	cè mén	4
slanted	斜	xié	4
so-called	所謂	suǒ wèi	4
Songshan Road	松智路	sōng zhì lù	4
space	空間	kōng jiān	4
to stack	疊	dié	4
the study of Feng Shui	風水學	fēng shuǐ xué	4
surrounding	周邊	zhōu biān	4
sword	劍	jiàn	4
temper	脾氣	pí qì	4
term	詞	cí	4
tilted	斜	xié	4
tortoise	龜	guī	4
to transform, restructure	改造	gǎi zào	4
treasure basin	聚寶盆	jù bǎo pén	4
turtle	龜	guī	4
the UK	英國	yīng guó	4
wall face	牆面	qiáng miàn	4
well-known saying	名言	míng yán	4
wife	老婆	lǎo pó	4
word	詞	cí	4
Xinyi Road	信義路	xìn yì lù	4
You’re a dead man	死定了	sǐ dìng le	4
academic degree	學位	xué wèi	5
to adjust upward	調高	tiáo gāo	5
after all	畢竟	bì jìng	5
alumnus	校友	xiào yǒu	5
and (formal)	及	jí	5
at all, in the slightest	根本	gēn běn	5
bachelors	學士	xué shì	5
barely, with great reluctance	勉強	miǎn qiǎng	5
to become rich overnight	一夜致富	yī yè zhì fù	5
bitter life, very poorly	苦哈哈	kǔ hā hā	5
blindly	盲目	máng mù	5
busy doing things without achieving anything	瞎忙	xiā máng	5
can’t save (money)	存不了	cún bù liǎo	5
to cause, produce, make	造成	zào chéng	5
challenge	挑戰	tiǎo zhàn	5
cleaning squad, street cleaners	清潔隊	qīng jié duì	5
close up shop (said of street stalls)	收攤	shōu tān	5
college degree	學士	xué shì	5
to make contributions	貢獻	gòng xiàn	5
countenance (mood shown on face)	臉色	liǎn sè	5
to criticize	批評	pī píng	5
to cultivate, train, foster	培養	péi yǎng	5
to be desperately	恨不得	hèn bù dé	5
doctorate	博士	bó shì	5
dream	夢	mèng	5
to dream	做夢	zuò mèng	5
driver, chauffeur	司機	sī jī	5
to be dying to	恨不得	hèn bù dé	5
employment; to get a job	就業	jiù yè	5
to escape	逃避	táo bì	5
to evade	逃避	táo bì	5
food and beverage industry	餐飲業	cān yǐn yè	5
for many years, for so long	多年	duō nián	5
gap between the rich and the poor, unequal distribution of wealth	貧富不均	pín fù bù jūn	5
global	全球	quán qiú	5
to have a street stall	擺地攤	bǎi dì tān	5
to have as one’s own, possess	擁有	yōng yǒu	5
housing prices	房價	fáng jià	5
to implement, put into effect	施行	shī xíng	5
income	所得	suǒ dé	5
indeed	的確	dí què	5
to indicate, point out	指出	zhǐ chū	5
to interview	採訪	cǎi fǎng	5
land prices	地價	dì jià	5
to lay off	裁員	cái yuán	5
life	人生	rén shēng	5
to line up, stand in queue	排隊	pái duì	5
lottery	彩券	cǎi quàn	5
Mainland China	中國大陸	zhōng guó dà lù	5
most, the majority of	大多數	dà duō shù	5
next issue (of a periodical)	下一期	xià yī qī	5
not yet (formal)	未	wèi	5
to observe, note	觀察	guān chá	5
on the other hand, however	話說回來	huà shuō huí lái	5
organization	組織	zǔ zhī	5
pay	薪資	xīn zī	5
a period of (time)	段	duàn	5
PhD	博士	bó shì	5
phenomenon	現象	xiàn xiàng	5
place in the sun	一片天	yī piàn tiān	5
to postpone	延後	yán hòu	5
prices, commodity prices	物價	wù jià	5
prosperous, booming	景氣	jǐng qì	5
to protest against	抗議	kàng yì	5
to pursue further education	升學	shēng xué	5
rare (and unique), singular	稀有	xī yǒu	5
to rely on yourself	自食其力	zì shí qí lì	5
report, article, story	報導	bào dǎo	5
to rise (prices, water level)	漲	zhǎng	5
to rise (prices)	上漲	shàng zhǎng	5
to rob, mug	搶	qiǎng	5
salary	薪資	xīn zī	5
school newspaper	校刊	xiào kān	5
to seek opportunities	另謀發展	lìng móu fā zhǎn	5
to set up a business	創業	chuàng yè	5
“snails without shells”	無殼蝸牛	wú ké guā niú	5
a “sponge”	啃老族	kěn lǎo zú	5
statistics	統計	tǒng jì	5
street stall	地攤	dì tān	5
strength (not physical)	實力	shí lì	5
to strike it rich	發財	fā cái	5
to (upward) surge	高漲	gāo zhǎng	5
to take a test	考	kǎo	5
wages	薪資	xīn zī	5
to wait for	等待	děng dài	5
to waste	浪費	làng fèi	5
to win (a prize or lottery)	中獎	zhòng jiǎng	5
worldwide	全球	quán qiú	5
activity, action, operations	行動	xíng dòng	6
actual	現實	xiàn shí	6
advanced	發達	fā dá	6
always	總是	zǒng shì	6
askew	歪	wāi	6
to assemble	集合	jí hé	6
Australia	澳洲	ào zhōu	6
birds	鳥類	niǎo lèi	6
to break, snap	斷	duàn	6
bridge	橋	qiáo	6
cabinet	櫃子	guì zi	6
calm	冷靜	lěng jìng	6
calm	平靜	píng jìng	6
cat	貓	māo	6
Central Europe	中歐	zhōng ōu	6
chicken	雞	jī	6
circumstance	狀況	zhuàng kuàng	6
closet	櫃子	guì zi	6
to collapse	倒	dǎo	6
to collapse	倒塌	dǎo tā	6
to collapse	倒下來	dǎo xià lái	6
column	柱子	zhù zi	6
cookies	餅乾	bǐng gān	6
cool-headed	冷靜	lěng jìng	6
crack	裂縫	liè fèng	6
crackers	餅乾	bǐng gān	6
crooked	歪	wāi	6
crushed to death	壓死	yā sǐ	6
the darkness	黑暗	hēi àn	6
degree	程度	chéng dù	6
developed	發達	fā dá	6
direction	方向	fāng xiàng	6
disaster	災難	zāi nàn	6
disaster, damage (from a disaster)	災害	zāi hài	6
door frame	門框	mén kuàng	6
to drop	掉下來	diào xià lái	6
earth science studies	地球科學	dì qiú kē xué	6
earthquake	地震	dì zhèn	6
earthquake	地震帶	dì zhèn dài	6
the eastern half	東半部	dōng bàn bù	6
elevator	電梯	diàn tī	6
in emergency	緊急	jǐn jí	6
to evaluate	逃生	táo shēng	6
to fall down	掉下來	diào xià lái	6
to fall over	倒下來	dǎo xià lái	6
fierce, formidable	厲害	lì hài	6
fire (disaster), conflagration	火災	huǒ zāi	6
firm	堅固	jiān gù	6
first of all	首先	shǒu xiān	6
flashlight, torch	手電筒	shǒu diàn tǒng	6
for example, like	譬如	pì rú	6
to forecast	預測	yù cè	6
to form	形成	xíng chéng	6
frequency	頻率	pín lǜ	6
frequently	經常	jīng cháng	6
to grumble	嫌	xián	6
head	頭部	tóu bù	6
to hit, bump into	撞	zhuàng	6
horse	馬	mǎ	6
how	如何	rú hé	6
in advance	預先	yù xiān	6
in advance	事前	shì qián	6
in vain	白	bái	6
instructions, commands	指示	zhǐ shì	6
level	程度	chéng dù	6
a man from Switzerland	瑞士人	ruì shì rén	6
to meet	集合	jí hé	6
to meet an emergency	應變	yìng biàn	6
mouse, rat	老鼠	lǎo shǔ	6
natural disaster	天災	tiān zāi	6
natural gas	瓦斯	wǎ sī	6
necessities	必需品	bì xū pǐn	6
next	其次	qí cì	6
Northern Europe	北歐	běi ōu	6
omen	徵兆	zhēng zhào	6
on the contrary	反而	fǎn ér	6
in ordinary times	平時	píng shí	6
to panic, be flustered	慌張	huāng zhāng	6
the Philippines	菲律賓	fēi lǜ bīn	6
pillar	柱子	zhù zi	6
to have a power outage	停電	tíng diàn	6
to predict	預測	yù cè	6
be prepared, be on the safe side	有備無患	yǒu bèi wú huàn	6
rather	反而	fǎn ér	6
region	地區	dì qū	6
to remain, stay	保持	bǎo chí	6
to rescue	救援	jiù yuán	6
rescue personnel	救災人員	jiù zāi rén yuán	6
to rock	搖	yáo	6
second	其次	qí cì	6
seismic zone	地震帶	dì zhèn dài	6
in serious disaster	災情慘重	zāi qíng cǎn zhòng	6
to shake	搖	yáo	6
sign	徵兆	zhēng zhào	6
situation	狀況	zhuàng kuàng	6
slanted	歪	wāi	6
so	多	duō	6
South America	南美洲	nán měi zhōu	6
steady	穩	wěn	6
strong	強烈	qiáng liè	6
strong, solid	堅固	jiān gù	6
survival kit	救生包	jiù shēng bāo	6
swaying heavens and trembling earth	天搖地動	tiān yáo dì dòng	6
switch	開關	kāi guān	6
then	其次	qí cì	6
triangle	三角形	sān jiǎo xíng	6
to verify	查證	chá zhèng	6
wall	牆壁	qiáng bì	6
Western Europe	西歐	xī ōu	6
within easy reach	隨手	suí shǒu	6
abroad	外國	wài guó	7
ambiguous (about one’s relationship)	曖昧	ài mèi	7
to argue	爭	zhēng	7
at least	至少	zhì shǎo	7
at that time, when the time comes	到時候	dào shí hòu	7
attitude	態度	tài dù	7
barely managed to pass	總算通過	zǒng suàn tōng guò	7
to be beneficial to something	有助於	yǒu zhù yú	7
to chase	追	zhuī	7
cheerful	開朗	kāi lǎng	7
chocolate	巧克力	qiǎo kè lì	7
coach	家教	jiā jiào	7
to complete	完成	wán chéng	7
to confess	告白	gào bái	7
dashing	帥氣	shuài qì	7
to date	交往	jiāo wǎng	7
department beauty, the most beautiful girl in a department	系花	xì huā	7
every move	一舉一動	yī jǔ yī dòng	7
to fall behind, lag	落後	luò hòu	7
the feeling of security	安全感	ān quán gǎn	7
female lower classmate	學妹	xué mèi	7
to fight	吵架	chǎo jià	7
to flow backward	倒流	dào liú	7
foreign	外國	wài guó	7
gaze	目光	mù guāng	7
to go steady	交往	jiāo wǎng	7
guitar	吉他	jí tā	7
to hand in	交	jiāo	7
handsome	帥氣	shuài qì	7
to have a crush on someone	暗戀	àn liàn	7
heartthrob	萬人迷	wàn rén mí	7
to help in something	有助於	yǒu zhù yú	7
to hold	拿	ná	7
to hold the post of	擔任	dān rèn	7
in a row, in succession	一連	yī lián	7
to be in love, to go steady	談戀愛	tán liàn ài	7
to intern	實習	shí xí	7
to be jealous	忌妒	jì dù	7
to be jealous	吃醋	chī cù	7
to kiss	吻	wěn	7
love at first sight	一見鍾情	yī jiàn zhōng qíng	7
love letter	情書	qíng shū	7
to make a date/appointment	約會	yuē huì	7
a male college student	何清源	hé qīng yuán	7
a male college student	林榮華	lín róng huá	7
male lower classmate	學弟	xué dì	7
male upper classmate	學長	xué zhǎng	7
measure phrase (fast-changing alternating scenes)	一下…一下…	yī xià…yī xià…	7
message	訊息	xùn xí	7
to move	移動	yí dòng	7
oh no, how terrible	糟糕	zāo gāo	7
(for) one’s life	一生	yī shēng	7
other countries	外國	wài guó	7
a pair of	雙	shuāng	7
personally, with one’s own hands	親手	qīn shǒu	7
a pile of	堆	duī	7
to play (piano, guitar)	彈	tán	7
president of an association, club	會長	huì zhǎng	7
progress	進度	jìn dù	7
to quarrel	吵架	chǎo jià	7
read without reply	已讀不回	yǐ dú bù huí	7
school team	校隊	xiào duì	7
a senior in college	博文	bó wén	7
to smile	微笑	wēi xiào	7
so, whereupon	於是	yú shì	7
a sophomore in college	玉珍	yù zhēn	7
to strengthen	加強	jiā qiáng	7
student union	學生會	xué shēng huì	7
to submit	交	jiāo	7
sweet	甜蜜	tián mì	7
tall and big, bulky	高大	gāo dà	7
team member	隊員	duì yuán	7
tender	溫柔	wēn róu	7
that day	當天	dāng tiān	7
the day before	前一天	qián yī tiān	7
the truth is	原來	yuán lái	7
time	時光	shí guāng	7
to	向	xiàng	7
to one’s surprise	竟	jìng	7
training	訓練	xùn liàn	7
to be troubled	煩惱	fán nǎo	7
tutor	家教	jiā jiào	7
to two-time	劈腿	pī tuǐ	7
Valentine’s Day	情人節	qíng rén jié	7
to vie for, compete for	爭取	zhēng qǔ	7
winter and summer vacation	寒暑假	hán shǔ jià	7
to woo	追	zhuī	7
age	年齡	nián líng	8
aging	老化	lǎo huà	8
aimed at, directed at	針對	zhēn duì	8
alone	獨自	dú zì	8
already (formal)	已	yǐ	8
baby carriage	嬰兒推車	yīng ér tuī chē	8
birth rate	生育率	shēng yù lǜ	8
budget	預算	yù suàn	8
businesses, walks of life	行業	háng yè	8
by far	遠遠	yuǎn yuǎn	8
by oneself	獨自	dú zì	8
carefree, free, do as one pleases	無拘無束	wú jū wú shù	8
carry on the family line	傳宗接代	chuán zōng jiē dài	8
to cause	使	shǐ	8
chain	連鎖	lián suǒ	8
child(ren)	兒童	ér tóng	8
childcare	托育	tuō yù	8
to come to age, enter adulthood	成年	chéng nián	8
comparatively more (formal)	較	jiào	8
concept, notion	觀念	guān niàn	8
as a consequence	這下子	zhè xià zi	8
costs	費用	fèi yòng	8
couple	夫妻	fū qī	8
cram school	補習班	bǔ xí bān	8
to get divorced	離婚	lí hūn	8
dollar (or other currency)	元	yuán	8
during the process of	正	zhèng	8
effective	有效	yǒu xiào	8
embryo, birth, child	胎	tāi	8
(American) English	美語	měi yǔ	8
enormous	重大	zhòng dà	8
enough	足夠	zú gòu	8
to enter	加入	jiā rù	8
expense	費用	fèi yòng	8
to extended, make longer	延長	yán cháng	8
to be fettered by, bound by	束縛	shù fù	8
finance	財政	cái zhèng	8
franchise	連鎖	lián suǒ	8
to be frank, don’t hold anything back	有話直說	yǒu huà zhí shuō	8
future	未來	wèi lái	8
future prospects	遠景	yuǎn jǐng	8
generation	代	dài	8
to go out of business	倒閉	dǎo bì	8
granddaughter	孫女	sūn nǚ	8
ha	哈	hā	8
hard to comprehend, beyond logic	不可思議	bù kě sī yì	8
to have and raise children	生兒育女	shēng ér yù nǚ	8
to have babies; reproduction, childbirth	生育	shēng yù	8
heavy	重大	zhòng dà	8
heavy	重	zhòng	8
heavy	沉重	chén zhòng	8
husband and wife	夫妻	fū qī	8
in any case	反正	fǎn zhèng	8
in stagnation	停滯不前	tíng zhì bù qián	8
inevitable, hard to avoid	難免	nán miǎn	8
intention	意願	yì yuàn	8
item	項	xiàng	8
to join	加入	jiā rù	8
kindergarten	幼稚園	yòu zhì yuán	8
let alone	何況	hé kuàng	8
to look out only for oneself	損人利己	sǔn rén lì jǐ	8
to lose one’s job	失業	shī yè	8
low birth rate	少子化	shǎo zǐ huà	8
a man from Turkey	土耳其人	tǔ ěr qí rén	8
marriage	婚姻	hūn yīn	8
maternity leave	產假	chǎn jià	8
measure	措施	cuò shī	8
much less	何況	hé kuàng	8
not get along	合不來	hé bù lái	8
not only	不只	bù zhǐ	8
not settle for less than perfect	事事力求完美	shì shì lì qiú wán měi	8
nothing strange, not surprising at all	不足為奇	bù zú wéi qí	8
obstetrics and gynecology	婦產科	fù chǎn kē	8
occupation	職業	zhí yè	8
old people, seniors	老人	lǎo rén	8
the older generation	老一輩	lǎo yī bèi	8
on the other hand	倒是	dào shì	8
One Child Policy	一胎化政策	yī tāi huà zhèng cè	8
one of	之一	zhī yī	8
only child (male)	獨生子	dú shēng zǐ	8
otherwise	否則	fǒu zé	8
overall	整體	zhěng tǐ	8
paternal grandparents	祖父母	zǔ fù mǔ	8
profession	職業	zhí yè	8
to promote	推行	tuī xíng	8
to pursue	追求	zhuī qiú	8
to receive, withdraw (money)	領	lǐng	8
to recruit students, find students	招生	zhāo shēng	8
to reduce enrollments	減班	jiǎn bān	8
to reduce taxes, tax break	減稅	jiǎn shuì	8
to spoil (somebody)	寵	chǒng	8
to subsidize	補助	bǔ zhù	8
to substitute	代替	dài tì	8
to test out	考驗	kǎo yàn	8
thesis	論文	lùn wén	8
to be unable to	無法	wú fǎ	8
unbelievable	不可思議	bù kě sī yì	8
unless	除非	chú fēi	8
will soon	將	jiāng	8
wisdom	智慧	zhì huì	8
woman	婦女	fù nǚ	8
a woman from Taiwan	王雅華	wáng yǎ huá	8
about	大約	dà yuē	9
accordingly	依	yī	9
after all, in the end, actually	究竟	jiū jìng	9
age (period)	時期	shí qí	9
all over the mountains and plains	滿山遍野	mǎn shān biàn yě	9
almost	將近	jiāng jìn	9
always	永遠	yǒng yuǎn	9
amount	數目	shù mù	9
approximately	大約	dà yuē	9
as	為	wèi	9
to ask about, inquire	打聽	dǎ tīng	9
base, stronghold	據點	jù diǎn	9
to be born	出世	chū shì	9
to call	稱	chēng	9
can’t help but	不禁	bù jīn	9
canoe	獨木舟	dú mù zhōu	9
to cherish	珍惜	zhēn xí	9
childhood	童年	tóng nián	9
to communicate, correspond by mail	通信	tōng xìn	9
to constitute	佔	zhàn	9
Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)	文化大革命	wén huà dà gé mìng	9
dealings, contact	往來	wǎng lái	9
to decline, wane	沒落	mò luò	9
deer	鹿	lù	9
deer antlers	鹿角	lù jiǎo	9
ever since	自從	zì cóng	9
to exhaust, do one’s utmost	盡	jìn	9
to flee from war, natural disaster etc.	逃難	táo nàn	9
flourishing	興盛	xīng shèng	9
forever	永遠	yǒng yuǎn	9
to forgive	原諒	yuán liàng	9
glory	風光	fēng guāng	9
to govern	統治	tǒng zhì	9
gradually	逐漸	zhú jiàn	9
harbor, port	港口	gǎng kǒu	9
to have an antique air, quaint, classical in style	古色古香	gǔ sè gǔ xiāng	9
to have left far away from	遠離	yuǎn lí	9
herd of deer	鹿群	lù qún	9
home, people’s residence	民宅	mín zhái	9
in one’s heart	內心	nèi xīn	9
an interjection indicating concurrence	哦	ó	9
it is said	據說	jù shuō	9
Japanese (language)	日語	rì yǔ	9
murder	殺	shā	9
to kill	殺	shā	9
Lao Zhang, nickname	老張	lǎo zhāng	9
to leave one’s hometown	離鄉背井	lí xiāng bèi jǐng	9
to legally change one’s name	改名	gǎi míng	9
Lugang	鹿港	lù gǎng	9
Mengjia (Mangka)	艋舺	měng jiǎ	9
to be a miss day and night	朝思暮想	zhāo sī mù xiǎng	9
to miss, think about, long for	思念	sī niàn	9
mung-bean cake	綠豆糕	lǜ dòu gāo	9
nearly	將近	jiāng jìn	9
news, information, message	訊息	xùn xí	9
none whatsoever	毫無	háo wú	9
not yet	尚未	shàng wèi	9
number	數量	shù liàng	9
old soldier, veteran	老兵	lǎo bīng	9
one lifetime	一輩子	yī bèi zi	9
to open to the public	開放	kāi fàng	9
ought to (formal)	該	gāi	9
ox-tongue biscuit	牛舌餅	niú shé bǐng	9
oyster omelet	蚵仔煎	é zǐ jiān	9
period	時期	shí qí	9
to preserve	保留	bǎo liú	9
prime	精華	jīng huá	9
prosperous	繁榮	fán róng	9
quantity	數量	shù liàng	9
quantity	數目	shù mù	9
really	實在	shí zài	9
relatives, loved ones	親人	qīn rén	9
to remain intact	保留	bǎo liú	9
to rule	統治	tǒng zhì	9
sad	傷心	shāng xīn	9
to sail cross the sea	飄洋過海	piāo yáng guò hǎi	9
to salivate over	垂涎三尺	chuí xián sān chǐ	9
scared and anxious	恐慌不安	kǒng huāng bù ān	9
scenic site	景點	jǐng diǎn	9
to set one’s roots down	落地生根	luò dì shēng gēn	9
shape	形狀	xíng zhuàng	9
should (formal)	該	gāi	9
similar	相似	xiāng sì	9
skin, hides	皮	pí	9
still	依然	yī rán	9
still	仍然	réng rán	9
strong and healthy	身強體壯	shēn qiáng tǐ zhuàng	9
sum (of money)	筆	bǐ	9
Taiwanese (Southern Min dialect)	台語	tái yǔ	9
Tamsui River	淡水河	dàn shuǐ hé	9
tears	淚	lèi	9
to transport	載運	zài yùn	9
trauma, scars	創傷	chuāng shāng	9
to treasure	珍惜	zhēn xí	9
truly	實在	shí zài	9
unforgettable	刻骨銘心	kè gǔ míng xīn	9
(unhappy) experiences; to encounter	遭遇	zāo yù	9
to visit relatives	探親	tàn qīn	9
Wanhua	萬華	wàn huá	9
widely known	家喻戶曉	jiā yù hù xiǎo	9
wife (literary)	妻子	qī zi	9
years; time	歲月	suì yuè	9
zoo	動物園	dòng wù yuán	9
above	以上	yǐ shàng	10
and then	接下來	jiē xià lái	10
to apply for a job	應徵	yìng zhēng	10
as far as…are concerned	就…而言	jiù…ér yán	10
basic	基本	jī běn	10
below	以下	yǐ xià	10
(work) benefits	福利	fú lì	10
button-up shirt	襯衫	chèn shān	10
capital	資金	zī jīn	10
club president	社長	shè zhǎng	10
to come in contact with, to contact	接觸	jiē chù	10
concept	概念	gài niàn	10
concert	音樂會	yīn yuè huì	10
to cooperate with, work	合作	hé zuò	10
courage	勇氣	yǒng qì	10
dark blue	深藍色	shēn lán sè	10
employee	員工	yuán gōng	10
event	節目	jié mù	10
exception	例外	lì wài	10
fancy, flowery, garish	花	huā	10
fewer than	以下	yǐ xià	10
freshman (new workforce)	新鮮人	xīn xiān rén	10
freshman, first-year university student	大一	dà yī	10
from (literary preposition)	來自	lái zì	10
funds	資金	zī jīn	10
to be gifted in	天生	tiān shēng	10
to go abroad	出國	chū guó	10
to go with, match	配	pèi	10
graduate	畢業生	bì yè shēng	10
to have in one’s qualification	具備	jù bèi	10
head, leader	龍頭	lóng tóu	10
hurdle	關	guān	10
idea	概念	gài niàn	10
in writing	書面	shū miàn	10
initial	初步	chū bù	10
interviewing officer	面試官	miàn shì guān	10
jointly	聯合	lián hé	10
to keep reading something until one remembers everything	熟讀	shú dú	10
knowledge	知識	zhī shì	10
to lead	領導	lǐng dǎo	10
loan	貸款	dài kuǎn	10
to lose	損失	sǔn shī	10
a male college graduate	何建明	hé jiàn míng	10
manufacturer	廠商	chǎng shāng	10
material (a person not suited for…)	料	liào	10
more than	以上	yǐ shàng	10
next	接下來	jiē xià lái	10
to notify; a notification	通知	tōng zhī	10
to open a store	開店	kāi diàn	10
operations	營運	yíng yùn	10
over	以上	yǐ shàng	10
to pick	挑	tiāo	10
plain (in color)	素色	sù sè	10
to plan (used in business); a plan	企劃	qǐ huà	10
planning department	企劃部	qǐ huà bù	10
positive comments, praise	好評	hǎo píng	10
to praise, commend	讚揚	zàn yáng	10
preliminary	初步	chū bù	10
process	過程	guò chéng	10
program	節目	jié mù	10
to rehearse	沙盤推演	shā pán tuī yǎn	10
related to, regarding	關於	guān yú	10
related, relevant	相關	xiāng guān	10
to remain, left (over)	剩下	shèng xià	10
restrictions	限制	xiàn zhì	10
same class	同班	tóng bān	10
to seek employment	求職	qiú zhí	10
seem	似乎	sì hū	10
to select	挑	tiāo	10
self-introduction	自我介紹	zì wǒ jiè shào	10
show	節目	jié mù	10
starting salary	起薪	qǐ xīn	10
strong point	優點	yōu diǎn	10
supervisor	上司	shàng sī	10
to support one’s family	養家活口	yǎng jiā huó kǒu	10
target	目標	mù biāo	10
test items from previous years	考古題	kǎo gǔ tí	10
this year’s, upcoming	屆	jiè	10
tie	領帶	lǐng dài	10
tips	技巧	jì qiǎo	10
unable to raise to a high level	提不起	tí bù qǐ	10
under	以下	yǐ xià	10
to use (formal)	以	yǐ	10
week	週	zhōu	10
what has been learned is only rather limited	所學有限	suǒ xué yǒu xiàn	10
within	內	nèi	10
you (plural, formal)	各位	gè wèi	10
young people; youth	青年	qīng nián	10
to accelerate	加速	jiā sù	11
accent	口音	kǒu yīn	11
to adapt to	適應	shì yìng	11
to get addicted	上癮	shàng yǐn	11
to be anxious	焦慮	jiāo lǜ	11
asset	資產	zī chǎn	11
to associate	交流	jiāo liú	11
baby	嬰兒	yīng ér	11
both parents	雙親	shuāng qīn	11
But	然而	rán ér	11
change	轉變	zhuǎn biàn	11
children	子女	zǐ nǚ	11
city	市	shì	11
communication	溝通	gōu tōng	11
to compete, to compare against	一較長短	yī jiào cháng duǎn	11
to be concerned about	顧慮	gù lǜ	11
construction company	建設公司	jiàn shè gōng sī	11
to contact, to connect with	聯絡	lián luò	11
to continue	持續	chí xù	11
to counsel	輔導	fǔ dǎo	11
county	縣	xiàn	11
current, existing	現有	xiàn yǒu	11
to decrease	下降	xià jiàng	11
deliberately, insist on	偏偏	piān piān	11
to discriminate	歧視	qí shì	11
distribution; to distribute, allocate	分配	fēn pèi	11
to do something at a time when not doing...	在…之餘	zài…zhī yú	11
each other	相互	xiāng hù	11
(election) campaign	選戰	xuǎn zhàn	11
equality	平等	píng děng	11
ethnic group, race	種族	zhǒng zú	11
exasperating, annoying	氣人	qì rén	11
to exchange	交流	jiāo liú	11
to face squarely, pay due attention to	正視	zhèng shì	11
to face, to confront	面對	miàn duì	11
to find it difficult to	難以	nán yǐ	11
for a population to become aged/geriatric	高齡化	gāo líng huà	11
foreign national	外籍	wài jí	11
formerly, heretofore	以往	yǐ wǎng	11
from Mainland China	大陸籍	dà lù jí	11
fundamental	根本	gēn běn	11
generation	世代	shì dài	11
to get used to	適應	shì yìng	11
gradually	漸漸	jiàn jiàn	11
the greatest majority	最多數	zuì duō shù	11
guidance; to give guidance to	指導	zhǐ dǎo	11
Hakka, a Chinese (Han) dialect	客語	kè yǔ	11
have been before, was once (formal)	曾	céng	11
his, her, its, their (formal)	其	qí	11
however	然而	rán ér	11
to identify with, accept	認同	rèn tóng	11
to immigrate	移入	yí rù	11
impact	衝擊	chōng jí	11
insufficient, not adequate	不足	bù zú	11
it is obvious that	可見	kě jiàn	11
to keep on	持續	chí xù	11
to keep on saying	服說	fú shuō	11
to lack	缺乏	quē fá	11
in large quantities	大量	dà liàng	11
local people	本地人	běn dì rén	11
to lose (an item), lack	失去	shī qù	11
to lose out (opposite of win)	輸	shū	11
Mandarin	國語	guó yǔ	11
melting pot, smelting furnace	熔爐	róng lú	11
mother tongue	母語	mǔ yǔ	11
mutually	相互	xiāng hù	11
nationality	國籍	guó jí	11
a newborn baby	新生兒	xīn shēng ér	11
not at all	哪裡	nǎ lǐ	11
obstacle, handicap	障礙	zhàng ài	11
obvious	明顯	míng xiǎn	11
on the other hand	然而	rán ér	11
one of us, one of our own	自己人	zì jǐ rén	11
ought to (formal)	應	yīng	11
our country	本國	běn guó	11
outsider	外人	wài rén	11
parents’ day	家長日	jiā zhǎng rì	11
perspective	觀點	guān diǎn	11
physical and mental, mind and body	身心	shēn xīn	11
positive	良好	liáng hǎo	11
to produce	產生	chǎn shēng	11
productivity	生產力	shēng chǎn lì	11
the public, the masses	大眾	dà zhòng	11
quality	素質	sù zhí	11
record	紀錄	jì lù	11
to reduce, lower	降低	jiàng dī	11
resource	資產	zī chǎn	11
school children	學童	xué tóng	11
school work	課業	kè yè	11
to set (a record)	創下	chuàng xià	11
should (formal)	應	yīng	11
significant	明顯	míng xiǎn	11
spouse	配偶	pèi ǒu	11
starting line	起跑點	qǐ pǎo diǎn	11
stimulating	刺激	cì jī	11
structure	結構	jié gòu	11
to take place	產生	chǎn shēng	11
terrific	了不起	liǎo bù qǐ	11
total population	總人數	zǒng rén shù	11
transformation	轉變	zhuǎn biàn	11
transnational	跨國	kuà guó	11
trend	趨勢	qū shì	11
to try	嘗試	cháng shì	11
volunteer	志工	zhì gōng	11
be willing to	肯	kěn	11
to work overtime	加班	jiā bān	11
to worry	憂慮	yōu lǜ	11
Xiaoming (nickname)	小明	xiǎo míng	11
additives	添加物	tiān jiā wù	12
affluent, abundant	富足	fù zú	12
to amend	修改	xiū gǎi	12
annuity payment for senior citizens	老人年金	lǎo rén nián jīn	12
apathetic	冷漠	lěng mò	12
area (of study, etc.)	領域	lǐng yù	12
walk of life	立身	lì shēn	12
background	背景	bèi jǐng	12
beautiful	美好	měi hǎo	12
to care about	在乎	zài hū	12
to care about	顧	gù	12
to care for, to provide nursing care to all people	安養	ān yǎng	12
to cause	使得	shǐ de	12
chemical, chemistry	化學	huà xué	12
class hierarchy (in society)	階層	jiē céng	12
clean and capable	廉能	lián néng	12
clearly	明明	míng míng	12
collusion between politicians and business people	官商勾結	guān shāng gōu jié	12
to comfort	安慰	ān wèi	12
to condone, tolerate	縱容	zòng róng	12
confidence	信心	xìn xīn	12
to control	把持	bǎ chí	12
corruption	貪腐	tān fǔ	12
crowded with high density	密集	mì jí	12
days, life	日子	rì zi	12
dire situation, straits	困境	kùn jìng	12
dirty	骯髒	āng zāng	12
distinguished, exclusive high school	明星高中	míng xīng gāo zhōng	12
distressed	困苦	kùn kǔ	12
to be elected to an office	當選	dāng xuǎn	12
enormous	巨大	jù dà	12
expectations	期待	qí dài	12
factory	工廠	gōng chǎng	12
to fall into	掉進	diào jìn	12
from such trivialities to such major concerns (formal)	小自…大至…	xiǎo zì…dà zhì…	12
to graft, to demand	貪污	tān wū	12
homeless, no home to go back to	無家可歸	wú jiā kě guī	12
a huge gap between the rich and the poor	貧富懸殊	pín fù xuán shū	12
I don’t care, does not bother me	無所謂	wú suǒ wèi	12
incompetent	無能	wú néng	12
indifferent	漠不關心	mò bù guān xīn	12
inextricably related to	息息相關	xí xí xiāng guān	12
influence	影響力	yǐng xiǎng lì	12
laws and regulations	法規	fǎ guī	12
to lead	帶領	dài lǐng	12
life	生命	shēng mìng	12
lonely	寂寞	jì mò	12
love	感情	gǎn qíng	12
to make	使得	shǐ de	12
to make friends (with)	交友	jiāo yǒu	12
miserable	悲慘	bēi cǎn	12
naturally	自然	zì rán	12
no matter, regardless	無論	wú lùn	12
normally	照理說	zhào lǐ shuō	12
obviously	明明	míng míng	12
one’s own	自身	zì shēn	12
the outside world	外界	wài jiè	12
to oversee, monitor	監督	jiān dū	12
political infighting	政爭	zhèng zhēng	12
politicians	政治人物	zhèng zhì rén wù	12
police	警察	jǐng chá	12
power	力量	lì liàng	12
power, authority	權	quán	12
president	總統	zǒng tǒng	12
to prevent, block	阻止	zǔ zhǐ	12
promise; to promise	承諾	chéng nuò	12
property, assets	財產	cái chǎn	12
ratio (percentage)	比例	bǐ lì	12
real estate	房地產	fáng dì chǎn	12
to recall, remove from office	罷免	bà miǎn	12
remote	遙遠	yáo yuǎn	12
residue	殘留	cán liú	12
rich, affluent	富裕	fù yù	12
to rid of	擺脫	bǎi tuō	12
right to speak; voice	發言權	fā yán quán	12
to rise	上升	shàng shēng	12
river and stream	河川	hé chuān	12
scholars	學者	xué zhě	12
security	保障	bǎo zhàng	12
sensitive	敏感	mǐn gǎn	12
to be separated from	脫離	tuō lí	12
snare	陷阱	xiàn jǐng	12
so	如此	rú cǐ	12
special privileges	特權	tè quán	12
to stagnate, stall	停滯	tíng zhì	12
to be stingy	小氣	xiǎo qì	12
street people	遊民	yóu mín	12
such	如此	rú cǐ	12
to suffer from	遭受	zāo shòu	12
suffering	受苦	shòu kǔ	12
surprisingly	竟然	jìng rán	12
taking…as… (formal)	以…為…	yǐ…wéi…	12
tragic	悲慘	bēi cǎn	12
trap	陷阱	xiàn jǐng	12
unexpectedly	竟然	jìng rán	12
violence	暴力	bào lì	12
volunteer	義工	yì gōng	12
Wang Ankang (male)	王安康	wáng ān kāng	12
whether or not	是否	shì fǒu	12
wonderful	美好	měi hǎo	12
Zhang Dingneng (male)	張定能	zhāng dìng néng	12

Book 4 Grammar List

This section is where the Contemporary Chinese Book 4 grammar table goes. Add your big table here, then drill the patterns until they feel natural—like something you can actually say without planning it three business days in advance.

Chapter	Grammar Point (Trad. Chinese)	Pinyin	English Translation	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Explanation
1	與其A…不如B…	yǔqí A… bùrú B…	Rather than A, it’s better to B.	與其看恐怖片，不如看愛情片。	與其去百貨公司買，不如去夜市買。	與其去現場看球賽，不如在家看直播。	Used to compare two options and recommend B over A. A is often less ideal; B is presented as the better alternative.
1	就（反駁／強調相反）	jiù	Actually / On the contrary / Not necessarily.	A：女生都不愛看恐怖片。B：我就愛看啊。	A：你一定每天加班。B：我就沒有。	A：那部限制級一定很色情。B：那部就不是。	Used in replies to contradict an assumption or generalization. Often has a strong, emphatic tone: “Actually, that’s not true (in my case / this case).”
1	就（因果／結果：A就B）	jiù	Then / As a result / Consequently	你如果有空，就跟我一起去。	只要下雨，我就不出門。	他一緊張，就講不出話。	Marks a direct consequence: if A happens/condition A is met, B follows naturally. Common in conditional patterns (如果／只要／一…就…).
1	就（比預期快／很快就…）	jiù	So soon / Earlier than expected	我們走五分鐘就到了。	他剛來臺灣沒多久，就會用中文點餐了。	這支手機買回來沒幾天就壞了。	Expresses something happening sooner than expected or with surprising speed; often appears with time phrases (沒多久、才…).
1	就（先後順序／接著就…）	jiù	Then / Next (sequence)	我下課就去找你。	他起床就先看手機。	你吃完飯就去洗碗。	Indicates the next action in a sequence, “A happens, then B happens,” often implying immediacy or routine.
1	就（眼看要發生／快要…就…）	jiù	Imminent / About to	我們就要畢業了。	我五分鐘後就走。	電影就要開始了，快進去。	Signals that something is about to happen very soon; often used with 要／快／再…就….
1	就（焦點強調／就是…）	jiù (jiùshì)	Exactly / It is precisely…	我就是不想去。	問題就是他不肯道歉。	就你最會講。	Used as a focus marker for emphasis, often with stress in speech. Highlights the exact point/person/thing being singled out.
1	就（僅僅／只有：就…而已）	jiù	Only / Merely	我就買了一件外套而已。	我就待一下下，不會很久。	他就會說幾句中文。	Limits scope/amount: “only, merely.” Common with 而已／罷了; downplays quantity, time, or ability.
1	就（例外／偏偏／拿…來說）	jiù	For example / In particular (exception)	不是每個人都愛吃辣，我就不愛。	不是每家公司都常加班，我們公司就很少。	不一定要去圖書館讀書，我就常在咖啡店讀。	Highlights an exception or a specific example that contradicts a broad statement: “Take me/us/this case for example.”
1	別說A，就是B也…	bié shuō A, jiùshì B yě…	Never mind A; even B is (the case).	別說請客，就是借我十塊錢他也不肯。	別說臺灣，就是日本她也願意去看演唱會。	別說平日，就是週末他也常加班。	Emphasizes extremity by saying even the “easier/smaller” case B happens, so A (bigger/harder) is certainly included. Often used to strengthen a complaint or praise.
1	簡直	jiǎnzhí	Simply / Absolutely / Practically	那間房子髒得簡直不能住。	他把狗照顧得簡直像照顧小孩一樣。	這題太難了，我簡直看不懂。	Expresses a strong evaluation (“to put it plainly”), often meaning “absolutely/practically.” Frequently used before an adjective or clause to intensify the speaker’s judgment.
1	不至於	bùzhìyú	Not to the point of… / It’s not that bad.	路上車很多，但還不至於塞車。	他雖然脾氣急，但不至於打人。	我不太喜歡下雨，但不至於討厭到不出門。	Softens a negative assessment: the situation exists, but it hasn’t reached an extreme level. Often used to reassure or downplay concern.
1	往往	wǎngwǎng	Often / Usually / Tend to	我一緊張就往往說不清楚。	跟比自己厲害的人合作往往很有壓力。	道歉往往最難開口。	Indicates a common tendency or pattern based on experience; similar to “often” but with a sense of typical outcomes.
1	V著玩	V-zhe-wán	Do (something) just for fun.	我只是聊著玩，沒打算約出來見面。	我寫著玩而已，不會真的投稿。	我學中文是學著玩，不是要考試。	“V + 著玩” means the action is done casually for amusement, not seriously. Often used to downplay intention or commitment.
2	V成	V chéng	To succeed in / to turn into (result complement)	他終於考成醫學院學生了。	她努力多年，終於成為老師。	他參選代表，但沒有選成。	成 as a verb complement indicates a successful result or transformation. It often implies achieving a goal or a change of state. In negative form (沒V成), it means the attempt failed.
2	萬一	wàn yī	In case / If (something bad happens)	萬一買不到票怎麼辦？	萬一經理發現是我們的錯就完了。	帶本書去，萬一要等很久可以看。	Introduces a hypothetical negative or undesirable situation. Often used to prepare for or warn about possible bad outcomes.
2	以為	yǐwéi	To mistakenly think that…	我以為是大餐，結果很普通。	我以為他會遲到，沒想到很準時。	我們以為是基改番茄，其實是有機的。	Expresses a mistaken assumption. Often followed by a contrasting result (其實、沒想到、結果).
2	才	cái	Only then / Not until / Surprisingly	你怎麼才來？	他三十歲才開始學中文。	我們努力了很久才成功。	Emphasizes lateness, small quantity, or that something happened later than expected. Often used after time expressions or effort.
2	免得	miǎndé	So as to avoid / Lest	快去看醫生，免得感冒更嚴重。	幫他一下，免得他做不完。	準備充分，免得忘詞。	Introduces a preventive purpose: do A in order to avoid an undesirable result B.
2	曾經	céngjīng	Have (ever) done before	我曾經在設計公司工作。	你曾經看過那位導演的電影嗎？	他曾經得過金馬獎。	Refers to experiences in the past. Often used with 過 or past-time context to emphasize prior experience.
2	等等	děngděng	Etc. / And so on	我去過美國、法國等等。	他喜歡文學、繪畫、舞蹈等等。	端午節有戴香包、喝雄黃酒等等習俗。	Enumeration particle used after listing examples to indicate there are more items not mentioned.
2	所 + V	suǒ + V	That which is… / The thing(s) that…	你說的溫泉是在綠島嗎？	這本書所介紹的方法我都學過。	他們所關心的問題其實不重要。	所 is placed before a verb to nominalize it, forming a relative clause. It refers to “that which is V-ed.” Common in formal or written Chinese.
3	何必	hébì	Why bother? / Why must…?	何必這麼難過？可以再買一個。	天氣這麼好，何必在家看電視？	舊電腦還能用，何必買新的？	Used to question the necessity of an action, often implying it is unnecessary or excessive. Frequently rhetorical.
3	不見得	bújiàndé	Not necessarily	名校畢業不見得找得到好工作。	書讀得多不見得會當主管。	好吃的不見得健康。	Expresses uncertainty or denial of a general assumption. Softens disagreement by suggesting something is “not necessarily so.”
3	嘛	ma	Obviously / Of course (isn’t it obvious?)	我當然願意幫忙嘛！	他打球嘛，因為他喜歡啊。	去看表演要穿正式一點嘛。	Sentence-final particle indicating something is obvious, natural, or expected. Often conveys justification.
3	V慣	V guàn	To be used to / accustomed to	他已經習慣用筷子了。	我從小吃媽媽做的菜，吃不慣別人的。	他習慣聽古典音樂。	慣 as a complement indicates having become accustomed to something through repeated experience.
3	V不慣	V bù guàn	Not used to / unable to get used to	她住不慣大城市。	我喝不慣冰紅茶。	他教不慣小學生。	Negative form showing inability to adapt or feel comfortable with something unfamiliar.
3	V得動 / V不動	V de dòng / V bù dòng	Able/unable to move or operate	你搬得動這台冰箱嗎？	那輛車壞了，開不動。	小孩走不動那麼遠。	Result complement expressing physical capability of movement or operation. Often used with 得/不 to indicate ability.
3	無形中	wúxíng zhōng	Without realizing it / Unknowingly	他天天看書，無形中中文進步了。	她看媽媽做菜，無形中也喜歡上做飯。	他熬夜打電動，無形中影響了健康。	Indicates an unnoticed or subconscious change that occurs gradually over time.
3	此外	cǐwài	In addition / Furthermore	此外，還要說明重點。	他很有名，此外常上電視。	此外，還需要推薦信。	Formal transitional connector adding supplementary information. Common in written Chinese.
3	總而言之	zǒng ér yán zhī	In short / To sum up	總而言之，他身體很好。	總而言之，現在買最划算。	總而言之，他只在乎自己。	Used to summarize or conclude previous statements. Signals a concise overall conclusion.
4	總算	zǒngsuàn	Finally / Roughly speaking	下了兩個星期的雨，今天天氣總算好了。	他努力很久，總算成功了。	我考得不算很好，但總算及格了。	Expresses relief after waiting or effort (“finally”). It can also mean “at least / roughly speaking” to soften evaluation.
4	還不就是	hái bù jiù shì	Nothing more than / Isn’t it just…	昨天去臺北101還不就是逛街。	他生氣還不就是因為我忘了紀念日。	第一堂課還不就是講課堂規定。	Downplays something as ordinary or predictable. Often used in casual speech to suggest “it’s just the usual.”
4	才（各種用法）	cái	Only / Not until / Only then / Consequently / Denial	我才學了六個月。	他通常十二點以後才睡。	只有老師嚴格，你才會進步。	才 has multiple uses: (1) small amount (“only”), (2) later than expected, (3) only under certain conditions (“only then”), (4) consequence (“it was only because…”), and (5) denial (才不是！). Context determines meaning.
4	才不是	cái bú shì	Absolutely not!	A：那是迷信。B：才不是！	A：你脾氣不好。B：才不是！	A：那電影很無聊。B：才不是，很感人。	Strong, emotional denial. Often used in spoken Chinese to reject a statement emphatically.
4	所謂（的）A是指B	suǒwèi (de) A shì zhǐ B	So-called A refers to B	所謂現代風水是指用科學方法改造環境。	限制級電影是指未滿十八歲不能看。	所謂「好學生」是指成績好又守規矩的人。	Defines or clarifies a term. Often used to explain what a word truly means or to question vague usage.
4	一口氣	yì kǒu qì	In one breath / In one go	他一口氣喝完整瓶可樂。	她一口氣修了二十八學分。	我今天一口氣游了兩千公尺。	Indicates doing something continuously without stopping. Implies intensity or completion in a single stretch.
4	光A就…	guāng A jiù…	Just A alone…	光等位子就等了一個半小時。	光蛋糕他就能吃五塊。	光上下公車就花很多時間。	Emphasizes that A alone is enough to cause a result, often implying “let alone other factors.” Highlights degree or quantity.
4	都（表示不滿／責怪）	dōu	Even / Already (expressing annoyance)	都幾點了，還不起床！	我都等兩個小時了，你還沒到！	你都病成這樣了，還去上班？	都 can express impatience, complaint, or emotional emphasis, often highlighting something excessive, obvious, or already beyond expectation.
5	哪裡（反問）	nǎlǐ	How could…? / Not at all (rhetorical)	大學生哪裡買得起房子？	哪裡奇怪？現在很普遍。	我媽媽哪裡會網路購物？	Used in rhetorical questions to strongly deny or reject an assumption. Often implies “not at all” or “how could that be possible?”
5	畢竟	bìjìng	After all	畢竟他為國家做了很多，我們應該尊重他。	畢竟物價上漲，生意還是不好做。	畢竟有風險，整形前要想清楚。	Introduces a fundamental reason or reality that should be considered. Often used to soften or justify a statement.
5	的確	díquè	Indeed / Truly	的確很多學生延後畢業。	網路交友的確很容易。	房價的確太高了。	Confirms the truth of a statement. Often used in responses to show agreement or affirmation.
5	話說回來	huà shuō huílái	However / On the other hand	帶現金麻煩，話說回來刷卡也有風險。	做水餃不難，話說回來做一百個很累。	體驗臺灣很重要，話說回來功課也不能忽略。	Transitional phrase introducing a contrasting or balancing perspective. Common in spoken and written discourse.
5	NP之所以…是因為…	zhī suǒyǐ… shì yīnwèi…	The reason… is because…	他之所以熬夜，是因為要準備考試。	我之所以學西班牙文，是因為明年要去西班牙。	房間很亂是因為我才搬進來。	Formal structure emphasizing cause. Highlights the reason behind a situation. Common in written Chinese.
5	根本	gēnběn	Not at all / Fundamentally	他根本趕不上聚會。	一般人根本買不起房子。	他們根本沒有實力。	Used for strong negation or emphasis. Suggests something is fundamentally impossible or entirely lacking.
5	更別說…了	gèng bié shuō… le	Let alone / Never mind	週末百貨公司都很擠，更別說週年慶了。	我連小獎都沒得過，更別說大獎了。	我忙到連臺北101都沒去，更別說平溪老街。	Emphasizes that if A is already difficult or impossible, then B (a greater case) is even more so.
5	恨不得	hèn bùdé	Wish one could / Can’t wait to	我恨不得每天吃油條。	他恨不得換系。	我走得腿痠，恨不得坐計程車。	Expresses strong desire or impatience to do something, often unrealized due to circumstances. Conveys emotional intensity.
6	怎麼這麼…？	zěnme zhème…?	Why so…? / How can it be so…?	他怎麼這麼愛吃雞排？	這件外套怎麼這麼貴？	你們怎麼這麼快就送到了？	Rhetorical-style question expressing surprise, disbelief, or complaint about an extreme degree of something. Often conveys “so + adjective” with emotion.
6	多（感嘆：多 + Adj/Clause）	duō	How…! / So…! (exclamatory “how”)	這裡的風景多美啊！	你老闆給你多少薪水啊？多小氣！	他每天坐計程車上學，多浪費！	多 used in exclamations to intensify an adjective or situation, expressing strong feeling (admiration, shock, annoyance). Often paired with 啊/呀.
6	好（感嘆副詞：好 + Adj/Clause）	hǎo	So…! / Very…! (intensifier)	這裡好漂亮！	他好小氣！	這棟樓好堅固！	好 before an adjective/verb phrase intensifies degree in spoken Chinese. Common in emotional statements; similar to “really/so.”
6	徒然	túrán	In vain / For nothing	我跟你說那麼多，你還是不懂，真是徒然。	媽媽煮了一大桌菜，沒人回來吃，徒然辛苦。	報告不用交，我們做得徒然。	Indicates effort or action ended up useless or wasted. Formal/literary tone; similar to 白費/白忙.
6	總是	zǒngshì	Always / Constantly	初學者總是搞不清楚「的」和「得」。	週年慶的時候她總是去百貨公司。	那家火鍋店總是排隊。	Describes habitual or frequent occurrence, often with a slight sense of “tends to / keeps doing.”
6	下來（結果補語：下來）	xiàlái	Down; continuing; remain; become fixed	把那本書從架子上拿下來。	他在這家公司做了十年，一直做下來。	他想了很久，最後決定留下來。	下來 has several meanings: (1) physical movement downward, (2) continuation over time (keep doing/accumulated), and (3) a state becoming settled/retained (留下來、定下來、畫下來).
6	當…的時候	dāng… de shíhou	When / While / At the time of	當機會來的時候，千萬別錯過。	當別人在跟你說話的時候，要仔細聽。	當他聽到得獎學金的時候，高興得跳起來。	Time clause marking the moment or period in which something happens. Works for “when” and “while” contexts.
6	反而	fǎn’ér	Instead / On the contrary	我講那麼多次，她反而更糊塗。	她本來很漂亮，化妝反而不好看。	運動後我不累，反而更有精神。	Indicates an opposite or unexpected result compared to what one would normally expect. Often contrasts a presumed outcome with the actual one.
7	（形容詞）得很／得要命	de hěn / de yàomìng	Extremely / To one’s surprise (very…)	鄰居熱情得很，我不太習慣。	昨天的火鍋辣得要命。	昨晚地震晃得很厲害。	得 + degree complement intensifies an adjective or verb. Often conveys surprise or strong subjective feeling (“so…that…”).
7	一下…一下…	yíxià… yíxià…	One moment… the next… / Alternating	天氣一下冷，一下熱。	她一下想看電影，一下想去夜市。	他一下咳嗽，一下流鼻水。	Expresses rapid alternation between two states or actions. Often used to describe instability or frequent switching.
7	A分之B	A fēn zhī B	B over A (fraction)	這本書我還有五分之一沒看完。	三分之一的收入拿去付房租。	一半的住戶停電。	Chinese fractional structure: denominator (A) + 分之 + numerator (B). Equivalent to “B/A.”
7	一連	yìlián	In succession / One after another	學生一連問了五個問題。	她一連工作了十六個小時。	兩個颱風一連來襲。	Indicates continuous, uninterrupted actions happening repeatedly or in rapid succession.
7	V個夠	V ge gòu	Do something to one’s heart’s content	這次我要唱個夠。	回家後我要吃個夠。	打折那天我們要買個夠。	Expresses doing something fully or excessively to satisfy oneself. Conveys “as much as one wants.”
7	有助於	yǒu zhù yú	Be conducive to / Help with	吃蔬菜有助於健康。	打工有助於培養獨立。	魚湯有助於傷口恢復。	Formal expression meaning “be beneficial to.” Often used in academic or objective statements.
7	於是	yúshì	Thus / So / Consequently	媽媽發現他喜歡音樂，於是讓他學鋼琴。	他覺得薪水太低，於是換工作。	手機壞了，於是我拿去換。	Connects cause and result in a narrative sequence. Slightly formal; commonly used in storytelling or writing.
7	向／對	xiàng / duì	To / Toward	她向他表達真實的感受。	她對上司提出挑戰。	警察向民眾說明原因。	Marks direction or target of an action (speaking, explaining, challenging, expressing feelings). 向 emphasizes direction; 對 emphasizes object/target.
8	反正	fǎnzhèng	Anyway / At any rate	反正我們已經決定這樣做了。	反正你們一定要一起工作。	我還沒開始做畢業專題，反正還有時間。	Indicates that regardless of other factors, the result or decision remains unchanged. Often conveys indifference or inevitability.
8	不只	bùzhǐ	Not only / More than	他不只忙，還很累。	不只幼稚園招生少，補習班也關門。	這不只是智力的考驗，也是誠信的考驗。	Expresses exceeding expectation or “not merely.” Often paired with 還 / 也 to add further information.
8	難免	nánmiǎn	Inevitably / Unavoidably	上大學後難免想放鬆一下。	媒體報導難免有錯。	出生率下降難免影響補習班。	Indicates something is natural or unavoidable under certain circumstances. Often used to soften criticism.
8	倒是	dàoshì	On the other hand / Actually	經濟不太好，我倒是覺得還可以。	連鎖咖啡不錯，我朋友倒是喜歡獨立咖啡店。	年輕人不迷信，倒是相信風水。	Introduces contrast or a differing viewpoint, often mildly corrective or balancing in tone.
8	這下子	zhè xiàzi	Now then… / As a result…	補習班關了，這下子我要找新的。	公司要裁員，這下子大家都緊張了。	這麼多人排隊，這下子要賺翻了。	Marks a new situation resulting from prior events, often with emotional reaction (surprise, concern, excitement).
8	V得來	V de lái	Be able to get along / Be compatible	他們聊得來。	我跟邋遢的人談不來。	他很少跟人說得來。	Expresses interpersonal compatibility or ease of communication. Often used in social contexts.
8	何況	hékuàng	Let alone / Moreover	連有膽量的人都會怕，何況是我。	小房間都很難裝潢，何況大客廳。	現實生活都會被批評，何況網路上。	Strengthens a statement by saying if A is already true/difficult, B (a stronger case) is even more so.
8	否則	fǒuzé	Otherwise	今年要寫完論文，否則不能出國。	不改變心態，否則大家不會接受你。	面試前要了解職位，否則很難錄取。	Introduces a negative consequence if a condition is not met. Common in formal and written contexts.
9	把A當做B	bǎ A dāngzuò B	To treat A as B / Take A as B	很多人把樂透當做一夜致富的機會。	他把垃圾當做藝術材料。	有些國家把看表演當做社交活動。	Indicates perceiving or using A in the role or identity of B. Often expresses viewpoint or function.
9	在…下	zài… xià	Under… / In the context of…	在學校制度下，學生學會有禮貌。	在寒冷的氣候下，動物會冬眠。	在高房價下，年輕人買不起房。	Indicates conditions, circumstances, or influence under which something occurs.
9	該（應該）	gāi (yīnggāi)	Should / Ought to	去國家劇院該穿正式一點。	學生該努力讀書。	你該珍惜這個機會。	Expresses obligation, duty, or expectation. Similar to “should.”
9	該（輪到）	gāi	One’s turn / Be one’s turn to	下星期一該我報告。	等一下該你進去。	他玩很久了，現在該弟弟了。	Indicates that it is someone’s turn in a sequence.
9	該（指代／該+名詞）	gāi	The said / The aforementioned	該公司產品銷售很好。	該政策影響了人民。	該部門最受歡迎。	Formal usage referring back to something previously mentioned, similar to “the said” or “that.” Common in written Chinese.
9	自從…以後	zìcóng… yǐhòu	Ever since…	自從畢業以後，他開公司。	自從有了孩子以後，她更忙了。	自從去南美留學以後，他常說西班牙文。	Marks a starting point in the past and indicates a continuing situation up to now.
9	幾（各種用法）	jǐ	How many / Several / Not many	有幾個人參加比賽？	他邀請了幾十個朋友。	他在臺灣待不了幾年。	幾 can mean (1) interrogative “how many,” (2) vague quantity “several,” or (3) small number in negation (“not many”). Meaning depends on context.
9	不禁	bùjīn	Cannot help but…	他看到老朋友，不禁想起童年。	聽到好消息，她不禁歡呼。	他不禁笑了起來。	Expresses involuntary emotional or physical reaction. Often followed by a verb phrase.
9	仍然	réngrán	Still / Yet	打折了，價格仍然很高。	他被勸很多次，仍然不聽。	出生率下降仍然是問題。	Indicates a situation remains unchanged despite time or circumstances.
9	究竟	jiūjìng	After all / Exactly / I wonder…	究竟該怎麼辦？	臺灣究竟有多少便利商店？	這問題究竟能不能解決？	Used in serious or emphatic questions to express curiosity, doubt, or insistence on clarification. Often rhetorical.
10	V著	V zhe	-ing (progressive / continuing state)	他拿著一杯咖啡。	他們看著地圖找路。	他站著說話。	著 marks a continuing state or ongoing action. It can describe a static posture, an action in progress, or background state while another action occurs.
10	V著 + VP	V zhe + VP	Do A while doing B	他站著聊天。	他開著燈打電動。	她抱著孩子做飯。	Indicates that the subject remains in the state of V while carrying out another action. Often describes manner or background action.
10	V著V著就…	V zhe V zhe jiù…	As one keeps V-ing, then…	看著看著就不害怕了。	聊著聊著就哭了。	吃著吃著就飽了。	Expresses gradual change during an ongoing action. Repetition suggests continuation leading to a new result.
10	V著 + Subject（存在）	V zhe + Subject	There is/are (existential)	牆上掛著刀劍。	這棟樓住著很多名人。	門口站著一個人。	Indicates existence or presence of something in a location. Structure emphasizes the state of being positioned.
10	當中	dāngzhōng	Among / During / In the process of	這兩個人當中誰是你女友？	在法國讀書的兩年當中，我學會做菜。	計畫進行當中。	Has spatial meaning (“among”), temporal meaning (“during”), and process meaning (“in the course of”). Context determines interpretation.
10	似乎	sìhū	It seems that…	他似乎喜歡你。	聽你這麼說，似乎不太相信他。	這地方似乎很熟悉。	Expresses impression or inference without certainty. Softer and more tentative than 覺得.
10	於（古典介詞）	yú	In / From / By / Upon (formal)	她於1990年畢業。	媽媽於聽到消息後立刻回家。	本書譯自西班牙文。	Formal/literary preposition meaning “in, at, from, by.” Common in written or official language.
10	是…的料	shì… de liào	To be cut out for / Be gifted in	他是做生意的料。	她是當歌手的料。	他不是做媒體的料。	Indicates someone has (or lacks) the natural qualities suited for a role or profession. Often evaluative.
10	下去	xiàqù	Go down / Continue on	車壞了，大家下去推。	這樣下去會失敗。	請把電視搬下去。	As a verb: physical downward movement or continuation over time. As a complement: indicates continuation of an action or downward direction.
10	自	zì	From (formal)	本書自西班牙文翻譯。	移民自中國來。	這些選文自他的小說。	Formal written preposition meaning “from.” Often used in academic or literary contexts.
11	偏偏	piānpiān	Unfortunately / Just (annoyingly) / Contrary to expectation	我沒帶傘，偏偏下午下大雨。	我念了舊考題，偏偏一題都沒出。	我叫他別穿西裝，他偏偏穿黑西裝來。	Used when something happens against the speaker’s wishes or expectations, often with an annoyed tone: “of all times, it just had to…”
11	照…（照樣／照常）	zhàoyàng / zhàocháng	Still / As usual (despite…)	明明規定不能拍照，他們照樣拍。	老師說先聽清楚再寫，學生照樣馬上寫。	我都提醒過了，他照常不改。	Indicates persistence in doing something despite advice, rules, or expectations. Often implies disregard: “still went ahead and did it.”
11	難得	nándé	Rarely / Hard to come by	他平常壓力大，難得放鬆一次。	我難得來這裡，沒想到這麼熱鬧。	你難得聽古典音樂，覺得怎麼樣？	Highlights that something is uncommon or a special opportunity. Often conveys “it’s rare that…”
11	在…之餘	zài… zhī yú	Besides… / While not (otherwise) engaged in…	他在教書之餘，也去醫院當志工。	佳節烤肉之餘，也要記得清理垃圾。	照顧孩子之餘，也要照顧自己。	Means “in addition to / aside from” one main activity, there is another action or reminder. Formal written style.
11	難以…	nányǐ…	Hard to… / Difficult to…	學費太貴，很多學生難以負擔。	語言不通，他們難以溝通。	政策不彈性，難以改善失業。	Formal structure expressing difficulty in achieving an action or outcome. Similar to 很難/不容易 but more written.
11	漸漸	jiànjiàn	Gradually / Little by little	歧視以前很嚴重，現在漸漸成為歷史。	經過練習，他的口音漸漸改善。	回國後太忙，漸漸不再聯絡。	Indicates slow change over time, often neutral and process-focused.
11	可見	kějiàn	It can be seen that… / This shows that…	抗議多年政府才處理，可見問題很嚴重。	連我都不怕，可見這片不恐怖。	他年紀輕輕就成功，可見很努力。	Draws a conclusion from evidence or examples. Often used like “therefore it’s clear that…”
11	對於…而言	duìyú… ér yán	As far as… is concerned	對於夫妻而言，背叛最傷人。	對於新移民而言，語言最難。	對於公司而言，加班未必有利。	Formal framing to state perspective or relevance: “for…, / as far as … is concerned.”
12	無所謂	wúsuǒwèi	It doesn’t matter / I don’t care	候選人什麼背景無所謂。	麵包好不好吃無所謂，只要沒添加物就行。	薪水多少無所謂，工作有成就感就好。	Expresses indifference: the factor mentioned is not important. Often paired with 只要…就… to state what actually matters.
12	誰知道	shéi zhīdào	Who would have thought…?	早上天氣很好，誰知道下午下大雨。	她想送巧克力，誰知道他桌上已經很多。	他以為回不了家，誰知道四十年後回去了。	Introduces an unexpected twist or outcome, emphasizing surprise. Often used in storytelling.
12	小自…大至…	xiǎo zì… dà zhì…	Everything from A to Z	他小自朋友小事，大至國家大事都關心。	小自老鼠，大至馬都能感覺地震。	這產品小至三歲，大至八十三歲都能用。	Range pattern showing coverage from the smallest/least important to the biggest/most important. Formal.
12	竟然	jìngrán	(To one’s surprise) actually / unexpectedly	食品安全影響健康，政府竟然管不好。	他看到女友牽手竟然不吃醋。	他管這麼大企業，竟然只小學畢業。	Strong surprise that reality contradicts expectation. Often conveys disbelief or criticism.
12	照理說	zhàolǐ shuō	Logically speaking / Normally	他每天讀書那麼久，照理說成績應該很好。	他大學畢業了，照理說能自立。	沒店面省成本，照理說價格應該更低。	Introduces what should be true according to logic/common sense, sometimes implying reality may differ.
12	以A為B	yǐ A wéi B	Take A as B / Use A as B	他以日本地震為題演講。	政治人物以改善弱勢生活為責任。	老闆以英文能力為加薪條件。	Formal pattern meaning “regard/use A as B” (topic, responsibility, condition, ingredient, goal). Similar idea to 把A當作B but more written/formal.
12	無論…都…	wúlùn… dōu…	No matter what… (still…)	無論你吃什麼，都要小心。	無論累不累，都要休息。	無論學歷如何，只要有能力就能創業。	Expresses unconditionality: outcome holds regardless of different conditions. Often pairs with how/what/where-type alternatives.
12	明明	míngmíng	Obviously / Clearly (but…)	明明她喜歡他，卻不敢說。	明明是你錯，怎麼怪我？	明明房間很亂，他還說很乾淨。	Emphasizes that something is plainly evident, often followed by contrast (卻/還/偏偏) to show contradiction or frustration.
12	使得	shǐdé	Cause / Make (result)	裁員決定使得他只好另找出路。	天氣異常使得收成減少。	補習使得孩子成績進步。	Causative verb introducing an outcome/result. More formal than 讓, often used for broader or consequential effects.

Contemporary Chinese Book 4 Vocabulary And Grammar List

Book 4 Vocabulary List

Book 4 Grammar List

Related Posts