Chinese Prepositions & Coverbs In Traditional Chinese: Place, Time, And Location

Prepositions in Mandarin are often coverbs—little verbs that slide in front of a noun to mark relationships like “at,” “to,” “from,” “with,” “for,” “about,” and “toward.” Add a few location words(上、下、裡、外、前、後、旁邊、附近)and time frames(以前、之後、期間), and everyday sentences click into place. This guide uses Traditional Chinese with pinyin immediately after, plus clear English glosses you can drop straight into life.

Core Concepts (How Chinese “Prepositions” Work)

Many English prepositions map to Chinese coverb+object chunks that come before the main action. High-frequency coverbs include 在(at/in), 到(to/arrive at), 從(from), 跟(with), 對(to/at, toward, regarding), 給(for, to [someone]), 用(with/by means of), 以(with/by; formal), 往/朝/向(toward), 比(than, for comparisons), 離(distance from). Combine them with place words(地方詞)like 裡、外、前、後 to say exactly where, when, and in relation to what.

Place & Location: 在、到、從、往/朝/向、離+地方詞

在(zài)marks where something happens or exists.

我在圖書館。
wǒ zài tú shū guǎn
I’m at the library.

他在房間裡看書。
tā zài fáng jiān lǐ kàn shū
He’s reading in the room.

到(dào)marks the destination; 從(cóng)marks the starting point.

我明天到台北。
wǒ míng tiān dào tái běi
I arrive in Taipei tomorrow.

我從高雄出發。
wǒ cóng gāo xióng chū fā
I depart from Kaohsiung.

往/朝/向(wǎng / cháo / xiàng)mean “toward.”

請往出口走。
qǐng wǎng chū kǒu zǒu
Please walk toward the exit.

離(lí)marks distance “away from.”

這裡離捷運站很近。
zhè lǐ lí jié yùn zhàn hěn jìn
This place is very close to the MRT station.

常用地方詞(postpositions/locatives)拼在名詞後:上(on)、下(under)、裡(in/inside)、外(outside)、前(in front)、後(behind)、旁邊(beside)、對面(across)、附近(nearby)。

公園旁邊有咖啡店。
gōng yuán páng biān yǒu kā fēi diàn
There’s a café next to the park.

我家對面是超商。
wǒ jiā duì miàn shì chāo shāng
There’s a convenience store across from my home.

Time & When: 在+時間、從…到…、以前/之後、期間

在+時間 puts the action at a time; 從…到… gives a span; 以前/之後 set relative time.

我們在星期五開會。
wǒ men zài xīng qí wǔ kāi huì
We meet on Friday.

我從九點到十一點上課。
wǒ cóng jiǔ diǎn dào shí yī diǎn shàng kè
I have class from 9 to 11.

晚餐以後再聯絡。
wǎn cān yǐ hòu zài lián luò
Let’s get in touch after dinner.

暑假期間我在台南。
shǔ jià qī jiān wǒ zài tái nán
I’ll be in Tainan during summer vacation.

X 的時候 means “when X.”

下雨的時候別忘了帶傘。
xià yǔ de shí hòu bié wàng le dài sǎn
When it rains, don’t forget an umbrella.

With, For, About: 跟、給、對、對於、關於、用/以

跟(with; together with)

我跟朋友去看電影。
wǒ gēn péng yǒu qù kàn diàn yǐng
I’m going to the movies with friends.

給(for; to someone)

這杯咖啡是給你的。
zhè bēi kā fēi shì gěi nǐ de
This coffee is for you.

對(to/at; toward someone or something)often marks the target of feelings, opinions, or effects.

我對歷史很有興趣。
wǒ duì lì shǐ hěn yǒu xìng qù
I’m very interested in history.

這個藥對頭痛有用。
zhè ge yào duì tóu tòng yǒu yòng
This medicine works for headaches.

對於(regarding; about)is a little more formal; 關於(about; regarding)introduces a topic.

對於這個計畫,我有幾個問題。
duì yú zhè ge jì huà, wǒ yǒu jǐ ge wèn tí
Regarding this project, I have a few questions.

關於報名流程,請看網站。
guān yú bào míng liú chéng, qǐng kàn wǎng zhàn
About the registration process, please check the website.

用/以(with/by means of)。用 is neutral and common; 以 is formal.

請用手機付款。
qǐng yòng shǒu jī fù kuǎn
Please pay with your phone.

以現金或信用卡皆可。
yǐ xiàn jīn huò xìn yòng kǎ jiē kě
Payment by cash or credit card is acceptable. (formal)

Comparisons & Amount: 比、跟…一樣、超過/以下

比(than)creates an A 比 B Adj frame.

台南比台北更熱。
tái nán bǐ tái běi gèng rè
Tainan is hotter than Taipei.

跟…一樣(the same as)

這兩件衣服跟顏色一樣。
zhè liǎng jiàn yī fú gēn yán sè yí yàng
These two clothes are the same color.

超過/以下(more than / under, up to)

重量超過二十公斤。
zhòng liàng chāo guò èr shí gōng jīn
The weight exceeds 20 kg.

十二歲以下免費。
shí èr suì yǐ xià miǎn fèi
Under 12 is free.

Existential Sentences: 在…有…/Place+有…

在+地點+有+東西 tells what exists where; 或直接「地方+有…」。

在教室裡有很多學生。
zài jiào shì lǐ yǒu hěn duō xué shēng
There are many students in the classroom.

桌子上有一本書。
zhuō zi shàng yǒu yì běn shū
There’s a book on the table.

Mini Dialogues(Short, Real, Reusable)

問路與距離
A:捷運站在哪裡?
A: jié yùn zhàn zài nǎ lǐ?
A: Where is the MRT station?
B:在前面右邊,離這裡大概三百公尺。
B: zài qián miàn yòu biān, lí zhè lǐ dà gài sān bǎi gōng chǐ
B: Up ahead on the right, about 300 meters from here.

時間安排
A:我們幾點到公司?
A: wǒ men jǐ diǎn dào gōng sī?
A: What time will we get to the office?
B:從九點到十二點我在開會,下午再去。
B: cóng jiǔ diǎn dào shí èr diǎn wǒ zài kāi huì, xià wǔ zài qù
B: I’m in meetings from 9 to 12; let’s go in the afternoon.

意見與對象
A:你對這個提案怎麼看?
A: nǐ duì zhè ge tí àn zěn me kàn?
A: What do you think about this proposal?
B:關於成本,我有一些擔心;不過對時程我很有把握。
B: guān yú chéng běn, wǒ yǒu yì xiē dān xīn; bú guò duì shí chéng wǒ hěn yǒu bǎ wò
B: About the costs, I’m a bit worried; but I’m confident about the timeline.

Copy-Ready Patterns(Swap The Blank And Go)

我在__(地方)+(動作)。
wǒ zài ______ (dì fāng) + (dòng zuò)
I’m at ______ (place) doing ______.

我從__到__在__。
wǒ cóng ______ dào ______ zài ______
From ______ to ______ I’m at/in ______.

請往__走,然後在__右轉。
qǐng wǎng ______ zǒu, rán hòu zài ______ yòu zhuǎn
Please walk toward ______ and then turn right at ______.

對__來說,這個方法很有效。
duì ______ lái shuō, zhè ge fāng fǎ hěn yǒu xiào
For ______, this method is very effective.

用__付款可以嗎?
yòng ______ fù kuǎn kě yǐ ma?
Can I pay with ______?

__比__便宜多了。
______ bǐ ______ pián yí duō le
______ is much cheaper than ______.

在__裡有__。
zài ______ lǐ yǒu ______
There is/are ______ in ______.

Usage Notes & Common Mistakes

在 vs. 到
在 marks location/state; 到 marks arrival/destination.
我在學校(state)/我到學校(motion → arrival)。

跟 vs. 對
跟=“with/together with”;對=“to/toward/for (target).”
跟朋友吃飯(with friends)/對他說明(explain to him)。

於、以(formal)
以(by means of)與 對於/關於(regarding)偏書面;日常口語多用 用、對、關於即可。

地方詞的順序
名詞在前,位置詞在後:桌子上、門外、學校附近、路對面。不要反過來說「上桌子」。

在+時間
可說「在星期一」但口語常省略「在」:星期一開會。正式寫作保留更穩。

離 的方向
離後面放參照點:我家離捷運站很近(“my home is near the MRT,” reference = station)。

Quick Reference Table

EnglishTraditional ChinesePinyin
at / inzài
to / arrive atdào
fromcóng
toward往/朝/向wǎng / cháo / xiàng
with (together with)gēn
to/for (target)duì
for / to (give)gěi
with / by (tool)yòng
by means of (formal)
than (comparison)
away from (distance)
about / regarding關於/對於guān yú / duì yú
inside / outside裡/外lǐ / wài
on / under上/下shàng / xià
in front of / behind前/後qián / hòu
next to / across from旁邊/對面páng biān / duì miàn
nearby附近fù jìn
before / after (time)以前/之後yǐ qián / zhī hòu
during / when期間/的時候qī jiān / de shí hòu

Pronunciation Tips

在 zài:第四聲,乾淨下落;別拉長變 “zàaaì”。
對 duì:收尾要圓;避免拖成 “duèi”。
跟 gēn:一聲平直;-n 鼻音收緊,不要變 “gēng”。
離 lí:第二聲上揚清楚,和 里 lǐ(第三聲)區分。
往 wǎng:第三聲短降再起;-ng 尾音要到位。
裡/外 lǐ / wài:對比第三聲 vs. 第四聲,節奏更清楚。

Practice Plan(Five Honest Minutes)

朗讀三條路線句:請往右走 → 到路口左轉 → 在銀行對面停。
把明天的行程改寫成時間句:從__到__在__,之後在__。
錄一段 20 秒描述住家位置:離__很近;在__旁邊;附近有__。
造兩個主題句:關於__,我有__;對__來說,__更方便。

Yak-Style Closing Spark

Think of coverbs as tiny arrows. 在 pins the spot, 到 draws the finish line, 從 shows the start, 對 points at a target, 用 hands you a tool, 比 flips on comparison mode. Snap them in front of nouns, add a tidy place word like 裡或旁邊, and your sentences start parking themselves exactly where you want them.