A personified yak Japanese teacher that points to tool names in Japanese on a tidy workbench with a hammer, screwdriver, wrench, and tape measure.

Japanese Tool Names For Beginners

工具の名前(こうぐの なまえ, kōgu no namae) — the words you actually need in a hardware store, at home, or halfway through a DIY project that suddenly became “character building.”

I once walked into a Japanese home center thinking, “I just need one screwdriver.” Ten minutes later I was staring at a wall of ドライバー, レンチ, スパナ, and enough tiny metal parts to make me question every life choice that led to aisle seven. Hardware stores are very humbling places.

The good news: Japanese tool names are not magic spells. Once you learn the core words, the labels start making sense fast. This guide gives you the useful stuff — common tool names, hardware words, power tool terms, and the phrases that keep you from buying the wrong thing with great confidence.

Yak Reality Check

If you only memorize one thing early, make it this: 道具(どうぐ, dōgu) is broad, while 工具(こうぐ, kōgu) is more like practical hand tools for building or fixing. So yes, every 工具 is a 道具, but not every 道具 gets to wear the hard hat.

Start Here: The Words That Unlock The Rest

JapaneseRōmajiMeaningWhy It Matters
道具dōgutool; implementBroad word for tools and gear in general.
工具kōguhand tool; work toolMore specific for practical tools used to build or repair things.
電動工具dendō kōgupower toolsThe label you will see for drills, sanders, saws, and similar machines.
工具箱kōgubakotoolboxUseful because the second you learn three tool names, you will want somewhere to put them.

Visual Cards: The Eight You Will Use First

金槌

kanazuchi
hammer

nokogiri
saw

ドライバー

doraibā
screwdriver

レンチ

renchi
wrench

ペンチ

penchi
pliers

巻尺

makijaku
tape measure

水平器

suiheiki
level

電動ドリル

dendō doriru
power drill

Useful Phrases And Real-Life Sentences

JapaneseRōmajiMeaning
この工具の名前は何ですか。Kono kōgu no namae wa nan desu ka.What is the name of this tool?
これは何に使いますか。Kore wa nani ni tsukaimasu ka.What do you use this for?
プラスドライバーはありますか。Purasu doraibā wa arimasu ka.Do you have a Phillips screwdriver?
もっと小さいサイズはありますか。Motto chiisai saizu wa arimasu ka.Do you have a smaller size?
電動工具の売り場はどこですか。Dendō kōgu no uriba wa doko desu ka.Where is the power tool section?
巻尺を貸してもらえますか。Makijaku o kashite moraemasu ka.Could I borrow the tape measure?
そのねじは少し長すぎます。Sono neji wa sukoshi nagasugimasu.That screw is a little too long.
釘ではなく、木ねじを使ってください。Kugi de wa naku, koneji o tsukatte kudasai.Please use a wood screw, not a nail.
水平器で確認しましょう。Suiheiki de kakunin shimashō.Let’s check it with a level.
先に電源を切ってください。Saki ni dengen o kitte kudasai.Please turn off the power first.
保護メガネをかけてください。Hogo megane o kakete kudasai.Please put on safety glasses.
これに合うボルトとナットが必要です。Kore ni au boruto to natto ga hitsuyō desu.I need a bolt and nut that fit this.

Everyday Hand Tools

JapaneseRōmajiMeaningExample (JP)Example (Rōmaji)Translation (EN)
道具dōgutool; implementこの道具は毎日使います。Kono dōgu wa mainichi tsukaimasu.I use this tool every day.
工具kōguhand tool; work tool工具を全部、箱に戻してください。Kōgu o zenbu, hako ni modoshite kudasai.Please put all the tools back in the box.
工具箱kōgubakotoolbox工具箱は玄関の横にあります。Kōgubako wa genkan no yoko ni arimasu.The toolbox is next to the entrance.
金槌kanazuchihammer金槌で釘を打ちます。Kanazuchi de kugi o uchimasu.I hammer in the nail with a hammer.
ハンマーhanmāhammerこのハンマーは少し重いです。Kono hanmā wa sukoshi omoi desu.This hammer is a little heavy.
釘抜きkuginukinail puller釘抜きで古い釘を抜きました。Kuginuki de furui kugi o nukimashita.I pulled out the old nail with a nail puller.
鋸(のこぎり)nokogirisaw鋸で板を切ります。Nokogiri de ita o kirimasu.I cut the board with a saw.
のみnomichiselのみで木を少し削りました。Nomi de ki o sukoshi kezurimashita.I shaved a little wood with a chisel.
鉋(かんな)kannaplaneかんなで表面を滑らかにします。Kanna de hyōmen o nameraka ni shimasu.I smooth the surface with a plane.
ドライバーdoraibāscrewdriverドライバーでねじを締めてください。Doraibā de neji o shimete kudasai.Please tighten the screw with a screwdriver.
ねじ回しnejimawashiscrewdriverねじ回しは引き出しの中です。Nejimawashi wa hikidashi no naka desu.The screwdriver is in the drawer.
プラスドライバーpurasu doraibāPhillips screwdriverプラスドライバーが必要です。Purasu doraibā ga hitsuyō desu.I need a Phillips screwdriver.
マイナスドライバーmainasu doraibāflathead screwdriverマイナスドライバーはありますか。Mainasu doraibā wa arimasu ka.Do you have a flathead screwdriver?
レンチrenchiwrenchこのレンチは大きすぎます。Kono renchi wa ōkisugimasu.This wrench is too big.
スパナsupanaspannerそのナットには小さいスパナを使います。Sono natto ni wa chiisai supana o tsukaimasu.Use a small spanner for that nut.
モンキーレンチmonkī renchiadjustable wrenchモンキーレンチなら幅を変えられます。Monkī renchi nara haba o kaeraremasu.With an adjustable wrench, you can change the width.
ペンチpenchipliersペンチで金具を曲げました。Penchi de kanagu o magemashita.I bent the metal fitting with pliers.

Precision, Measuring, And Hardware Basics

JapaneseRōmajiMeaningExample (JP)Example (Rōmaji)Translation (EN)
ラジオペンチrajio penchineedle-nose pliers細かい作業にはラジオペンチが便利です。Komakai sagyō ni wa rajio penchi ga benri desu.Needle-nose pliers are handy for fine work.
ニッパーnippānippers; wire cuttersニッパーで針金を切ってください。Nippā de harigane o kitte kudasai.Please cut the wire with nippers.
カッターkattāutility knifeカッターの刃を替えました。Kattā no ha o kaemashita.I changed the blade on the utility knife.
はさみhasamiscissors; shearsはさみで袋を開けました。Hasami de fukuro o akemashita.I opened the bag with scissors.
やすりyasurifileやすりで角を丸くします。Yasuri de kado o maruku shimasu.I round the corners with a file.
万力manrikivise木を万力で固定してください。Ki o manriki de kotei shite kudasai.Please secure the wood with a vise.
クランプkuranpuclampクランプで板を押さえています。Kuranpu de ita o osaete imasu.I’m holding the board in place with a clamp.
巻尺makijakutape measure巻尺で長さを測ります。Makijaku de nagasa o hakarimasu.I measure the length with a tape measure.
メジャーmejātape measureメジャーをちょっと貸してください。Mejā o chotto kashite kudasai.Please lend me the tape measure for a second.
定規jōgiruler定規でまっすぐ線を引きます。Jōgi de massugu sen o hikimasu.I draw a straight line with a ruler.
物差しmonosashiruler物差しは机の上にあります。Monosashi wa tsukue no ue ni arimasu.The ruler is on the desk.
水平器suiheikilevel水平器で棚の傾きを確認しました。Suiheiki de tana no katamuki o kakunin shimashita.I checked the shelf’s tilt with a level.
差し金sashiganecarpenter’s square差し金で直角を見ます。Sashigane de chokkaku o mimasu.I check the right angle with a carpenter’s square.
kuginail釘が一本足りません。Kugi ga ippon tarimasen.We’re short one nail.
ねじnejiscrewそのねじは少し長いです。Sono neji wa sukoshi nagai desu.That screw is a little long.
木ねじkonejiwood screw木ねじのほうがしっかり留まります。Koneji no hō ga shikkari tomarimasu.A wood screw holds more firmly.
ボルトborutoboltボルトをしっかり締めてください。Boruto o shikkari shimete kudasai.Please tighten the bolt firmly.

Power Tools, Safety, And Shop Gear

JapaneseRōmajiMeaningExample (JP)Example (Rōmaji)Translation (EN)
ナットnattonutナットが緩んでいます。Natto ga yurunde imasu.The nut is loose.
ワッシャーwasshāwasherワッシャーを先に入れてください。Wasshā o saki ni irete kudasai.Put the washer in first.
ドリルdorirudrillドリルで穴を開けます。Doriru de ana o akemasu.I make a hole with a drill.
電動ドリルdendō dorirupower drill電動ドリルのバッテリーが切れました。Dendō doriru no batterī ga kiremashita.The power drill’s battery died.
インパクトドライバーinpakuto doraibāimpact driver長いねじにはインパクトドライバーが便利です。Nagai neji ni wa inpakuto doraibā ga benri desu.An impact driver is handy for long screws.
丸のこmarunokocircular saw丸のこを使う前に保護メガネをかけます。Marunoko o tsukau mae ni hogo megane o kakemasu.I put on safety glasses before using the circular saw.
サンダーsandāsanderサンダーで表面を整えました。Sandā de hyōmen o totonoemashita.I smoothed the surface with a sander.
グラインダーguraindāgrinderグラインダーは火花が出るので注意が必要です。Guraindā wa hibana ga deru node chūi ga hitsuyō desu.A grinder throws sparks, so you need to be careful.
半田ごてhanda gotesoldering iron半田ごてはまだ熱いです。Handa gote wa mada atsui desu.The soldering iron is still hot.
懐中電灯kaichū dentōflashlight懐中電灯で手元を照らしました。Kaichū dentō de temoto o terashimashita.I lit up the work area with a flashlight.
脚立kyatatsustepladder脚立を押さえていてください。Kyatatsu o osaete ite kudasai.Please hold the stepladder steady.
作業台sagyōdaiworkbench作業台の上を片づけましょう。Sagyōdai no ue o katazukemashō.Let’s clear off the workbench.
軍手guntework gloves軍手をはめてから運びます。Gunte o hamete kara hakobimasu.Put on the work gloves before carrying it.
保護メガネhogo meganesafety glasses保護メガネを忘れないでください。Hogo megane o wasurenaide kudasai.Don’t forget your safety glasses.
防塵マスクbōjin masukudust mask防塵マスクがあると安心です。Bōjin masuku ga aru to anshin desu.A dust mask makes the job safer.
電動工具dendō kōgupower toolsこの店は電動工具が充実しています。Kono mise wa dendō kōgu ga jūjitsu shite imasu.This store has a solid selection of power tools.

Common Mix-Ups You Should Fix Early

PairFast Explanation
道具 vs 工具道具 is broad. 工具 is more like practical tools for building, fixing, or workshop use.
金槌 vs ハンマーBoth can mean hammer. 金槌 feels more traditional/native; ハンマー is very common on product labels and in casual speech.
ドライバー vs ねじ回しBoth mean screwdriver. ドライバー is what you will hear and see constantly; ねじ回し is the straightforward Japanese word.
レンチ vs スパナBoth often get translated as “wrench.” In stores, the category can split by shape or type, so look at the tool head, not just the English.
巻尺 vs メジャーBoth can mean tape measure. 巻尺 is more formal; メジャー is very common in everyday speech.
定規 vs 物差しBoth are ruler. 定規 is common for classroom or drafting use; 物差し is the classic general word.

One Sneaky Word Worth Remembering

鉋(かんな, kanna) means a woodworking plane. This is a classic vocabulary trap for English speakers because “plane” in English can also mean an airplane. Japanese kindly refuses that chaos. A woodworking plane is かんな, and an airplane is 飛行機(ひこうき, hikōki). Much better. Less dramatic.

Yak Box: How To Actually Learn These

Do not try to memorize fifty tool names in one heroic sitting. That is how you end up knowing the word for “washer” but forgetting “screwdriver,” which is a very specific kind of sadness. Start with the eight cards, add the store phrases, then build outward by category: hand tools first, hardware second, power tools third.

  • Learn the pair: tool name + action — like ドライバーでねじを締める (tighten a screw with a screwdriver).
  • Study near real objects if possible. Labels stick better when you can point at the thing.
  • If a store shelf uses katakana, trust the katakana. Japanese hardware vocabulary loves loanwords.